Role of Genetic Variations in Human Diseases Research Paper

Role of Genetic Variations in Human Diseases - Research Paper ExampleSufficient advances have been made to time in the area of understanding disease etiology and pathogenesis from the perspective and context of genetic revolution as a driver, and with development of modern genetic look into laboratory technologies, it is now a reality that in the near future, there would be increasing role for genetics in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of complex diseases, almost totally except those caused by trauma.In fact following the knowledge accumulation from the Human Genome Project, the motive of common and complex diseases in relation to genetic variation in the fields of molecular epidemiology, medicine, and pharmacogenomics was a prime research interest. This was in sharp contrast with the traditional approach of studying human diseases contemplated to be caused by relatively rare single-gene diseases, which cumulatively account for merely 10% of diseases apparent in the pe diatric age group. However, in reality, the post Human Genome Project research in this field is tending to increasingly demonstrate that virtually every medical condition has a genetic component. There is, however, considerable difficulty in characterizing these conditions since there is a vast number of genetic variations and their combinations, synergistic effects of multiple causative genes, and reactions of genetic traits with environmental factors, all of which may play roles unitedly to cause manifestations of a complex disease. Disease loci of single gene variations through Mendelian inheritance have been successfully mapped however, delineating the genetic variations and determinants had been more difficult and is a comparatively newer area of research. Currently, significant advances in the area of Bioinformatics have increased the possibilities of successful investigations about the genetic determinants of complex diseases.As is often evident from a patients family histor y, umteen common disorders such as hypertension, heart disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, and mental illnesses are significantly influenced by the genetic background. These polygenic or multifactorial disorders involve the contributions of many different genes, as well as environmental factors that can modify disease risk. Cancer has a genetic basis since it results from acquired somatic mutations in genes exacting growth and differentiation. In addition, the development of many cancers is associated with a hereditary predisposition. The prevalence of genetic diseases, combined with their severity and chronic nature, imposes a great financial, social, and emotional sum on society, and therefore research in this area is strongly indicated to solve the problems of application of this science into accurate characterization of the disease processes, so a clinical and therapeutic solution for these problems are accessible to both the medical community and the patients. While traditio nally and historically, genetics has focused its attention on Mendelian causation of chromosomal and metabolic disorders such as trisomy 21, Turner Syndrome and