Friday, December 27, 2019

The Death Of Tea Cake - 987 Words

When the novel reaches its climax with the death of Tea Cake, Janie transforms into a fulfilled character who begins to live a life of acceptance. The death of Tea Cake closes the door on Janie’s third marriage, however, that marriage taught Janie more about herself than any other caregiver. As Tea Cake and Janie begin to spend more time with one and other, the townspeople of Eatonville grow anxious. During her marriage with Joe, Janie is subjugated to severe classism which separates her from the townsfolk. When Janie begins to act like a regular woman and not a noble, the town is surprised, as Pheoby mentions â€Å"Janie, everybody’s talkin’ ‘bout how dat Tea Cake is draggin’ you round tuh places you ain’t used tuh† (Hurston 112). With Tea Cake, Janie experiences more adventure and more life than with anyone else. Every day brings a new adventure for their relationship, for example: Tea Cake and Janie gone hunting. Tea Cake and Janie gone fishing. Tea Cake and Janie gone to Orlando to the movies. Tea Cake and Janie gone to a dance. Tea Cake making flowerbeds in Janie’s yard and seeding the garden for her†¦ Tea Cake in a borrowed car teaching Janie to drive (Hurston 110). Tea Cake truly loves Janie. He treats her like they are equals and does not see her as a slave or trophy like her passed husbands. Unlike Logan and Joe, Tea Cake does not need Janie for his own ulterior motives, as heâ€Å"[loves] Janie for herself, Tea Cake wants only to share his life and have the opportunity toShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Tea Cake819 Words   |  4 PagesTea Cake is Janie’s soulmate and the first person to truly understand her. Tea Cake cared for and loved Janie, teaching her things and showing her a love she had never experienced before. Their relationship was intimate and loving, which Janie lacked in her first two marriages. While Janie grows and finds herself throughout the story, Tea Cake effects her the most. After meeting Tea Cake, Janie experiences the most growth and finds herself truly happy, thanks to the love he shows her. Ever sinceRead MoreLove and Relationships Versus Independence: Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes were Watching God1407 Words   |  6 Pagestuh be uh big voice. You oughta be glad, ‘cause that makes uh big woman outa you.† (Hurston, pg.46) This was not true love at all, Janie realized that her husband Joe Starks barely knew her at all which bothered her. One day while Joe was on his death bed Janie gathered herself and decided to talk to him. She wanted to make him aware that out of the twenty years of them being married Joe had hardly knew her at all. She went into the room where Joe was lying until he passed and tried to talk toRead MoreLove and Friendship in Their Eyes Were Watching God and The Things They Carried1303 Words   |  6 Pagesand Jody don’t consider women to be thinking or feeling humans, and both of these men think they have the right to hurt a woman who they think is misbehaving. Tea cake, however, values Janie’s personality and company. He also feels the duty of being a husband- protect her from danger, etc. This makes it easy for Janie to fall for Tea cake and his qualities rather than Logan and Jody qualities. Tim’s situation though is much more different. He is forced to go to war and fight with people he has neverRead MoreSummary Of The Shacks854 Words   |  4 Pagestown are that Janie is trying to poison Jody, but a doctor in Orlando found that Jody’s kidneys are failing. -    On his death bed, Janie feels the need to have one last conversation with Jody†¦confronting him with his death, he asks to stop.   - She tells him all of the insecurities that he made her have throughout their relationship, Jody begs her to stop as he is confronting death.   - Jody dies and Janie mourns with confusion after looking at herself in the mirror, she pulls herself back togetherRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston1229 Words   |  5 Pageswhat she really needs. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston illuminates Janie’s values and the text’s emphasis on self-actualization is demonstrated through Janie leaving stability with Logan to marry Joe, leaving luxury in Eatonville to be with Tea Cake, and finally leaving the Everglades along with her dependency on others to return to Eatonville. When Janie leaves Logan Killicks to elope with Joe Starks, she abandons her stable life for spontaneous and bold one. Janie decides to follow Joe becauseRead MoreSummary Of Her Third Marriage And Tea Cake Woods 873 Words   |  4 Pagesto Vergible â€Å"Tea Cake† Woods. This marriage was a choice and Janie was highly cautious before deciding to be with him. Similarly to Joe she did not know what to expect from being with Tea Cake. Janie went into this marriage having hopes of achieving true love and her idea of marriage. She hoped that she would be able to put her values first and that she did. â€Å"Tea Cake and Janie gone hunting. Tea Cake and Janie gone fishing. Tea Cake and Janie gone to Orlando to the movies. Tea Cake and Janie goneRead MoreJanie Is Black Woman With Partial White Ancestry1025 Words   |  5 Pageshe only wanted her to complete his dream life of being in power and having control over everyone. Right before Joe’s death, Janie stands up against him and speaks out about her feelings of repression. By doing that, Janie finds the inner voice inside her she has been long looking for. Eventually, Janie meets Tea Cake whom she discovers true love with. When Tea Cake dies a tragic death, Janie returns to Eatonville fulfilled and content with the life she has lived up to this point. Logan Killicks: LoganRead MoreEssay about Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God1004 Words   |  5 Pagesexploiting others just before he dies. Nine months after the death of Jody, without expecting a man to dazzle her into a relationship, Janie finds a young, nice-looking man who is fun to be with. Well, Ah love tuh find out whut you think after sun-up tomorrow. Dis is just you night thought. (Hurston: 105). After Tea Cake says this, Janie starts to realize that even though she doesnt admit it to herself at first that she loves Tea Cake, she is actually starting to fall in love with him. SheRead MoreMythology in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God1023 Words   |  5 PagesJanie finally met Tea Cake but in the end had to kill him. Both had finally found love but due to their unfortunate fates both were destined to lose them. Banat 2 Not only does Janie parallel Freda, her character can be seen to have been inspired by the myth of Aphrodite and Adonis. In the myth of Aphrodite and Adonis the two of them fall in love. But this relationship is cut short by Adonis getting attacked and castrated by a wild boar (Stine). Later, Adonis bled to death (Stine). After herRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching god, by Zora Neale Hurston1054 Words   |  5 Pagesjourney to finding unconditional, true love. Her journey begins with an arranged marriage to Logan Killicks, a physically unappealing man with a considerable house, to an elopement with Joe Starks, a power-hungry and egocentric leader, and ends with Tea Cake, the man that loves Janie, despite the consequences that come with marrying an older and wealthier woman. Janie’s story breathes with ambiguous figurative language, provoking imagery, and powerful diction. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Essay The Signs and Symptoms of Autism - 563 Words

Autism Are you a parent or someone who wants to know about Autism? Well this is the paper you should read. Autism is a mental condition, present from early childhood. Autism is a spectrum disorder known as ASD. Autism was founded by Eugen Bleuler who was a Swiss psychiatrist. Autism comes from the Greek word Autos, which means self. In this paper you will find the signs and symptoms, affects of their childhood, is it different with every person, and diagnosis. Also in this passage you will find out treatment`s and how to treat your child. Some signs and symptoms are hard to tell in your kid. Not all signs are the same in every child. When you smile at your baby and it doesn’t smile back that could possibly be a sign of Autism.†¦show more content†¦Kids with Autism can’t have a good social life because they can’t keep a steady performance. When the kid talks he or she stumbles or mumbles on what they want to say. The kids with Autism can’t concentrate 0n one thing they could be talking, and start walking away from you. Kids with Autism have problems with concentrating with different things around them. When you go to the doctors for the first time you should be asked some questions when you go. Some treatments can possibly get rid of autism but it would be very long. You can have treatments on behavior. So if your child is acting bad you can get a treatment for their behavior.. When you get behavioral treatments you can get a controlling behavior treatment and a learning behavior treatment. The controlling behavioral treatment can be just to calm the down or not talking back. The learning treatment can help with their manners, there school learning, and more. Getting your child in the treatments they are going to have to take a lot of medicine. They will have to take pills that calm them down. They may have to take vitamins and things like that. If they are allergic to anything they will have to take allergy pills. When you go to the doctors and you get these questions you can tell them information that you think they might have autism with their day to day life. In conclusion there are many Autism signs and symptoms. TheShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder And How It Affects Children1092 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my listeners about Autism spectrum disorder and how it affects children in society today. Central Idea: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disability that affects very many children in the United States today. Although there is no cure for autism, through early intervention, and proper therapies it can reduce the child’s ASD symptoms and improve their ability to grow and learn new skills. INTRODUCTION I. Attention Material A. ImagineRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder Research Paper1651 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Research Paper What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism is a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. Autism does not only play a role at home, but it is also important at school. Teachers have to know how to deal with students with autism, and know how to teach them. Research shows us that in order for a teacher to teach a student toRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most widely known abnormal disorders is Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism is a complicated disorder because it represents a wide range of developmental disorders categorized by criteria such as: impaired social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication breakdowns, and repetitive behaviors. Since Autism Spectrum Disorder is on a spectrum, as the name suggests, there are individuals with mild to little symptoms classified by Autism Spectrum Disorder and others who classify severelyRead MoreAutism Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Van Boening English 12 Block 8 6 October 2014 Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic children experience the world a lot more differently than others. For example, children with autism are not capable of using words, and have a hard time communicating in general by any means. Specific sounds, like loud crashes and yelling, would bother an autistic child that wouldn’t normally bother a child that wasn’t autistic. We need to learn more about autism so we can handle it, as it is the fastest growingRead MoreAutism And Asperger s Syndrome965 Words   |  4 Pagesevery day. Autism and Asperger’s syndrome is just two examples of them. Not many people know what or if they have this disorder until it is properly diagnosed, each and every year. The real cause of autism is yet to be known, but better understanding the disorder might help. Someone who may not know much about what they are, could read and find out more about it. The goals of this paper is to help someone better understand the meaning of the disorders. Knowing the true meaning of what autism reallyRead MoreChild Diagnosis1264 Words   |  5 Pageschilds condition based on a series of symptoms. The author is also asked to provide treatment options and an overall treatment plan for the disordered diagnosed. The child in question is almost certainly autistic based on the totality of symptoms that exist and the author of this paper will justify this diagnosis and what should be done in response to the disorder being present. Diagnosis There are a number of tell-tale signs that point to this child having autism. First, Aspergers should be disqualifiedRead MoreAutism And Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesSzopinski English III 29 April 2016 Autism Scientifically, autism and autism spectrum disorder, also known as ASD, are commonly used names for difficult disorders that have to do with brain development. Disorders like these are grouped by someone’s difficulty in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and nonverbal communication. To the people who are diagnosed with this disorder and the families it affects; it is so much more than just science. Autism had many different names and age whenRead MoreAutism Is A Psychological Disorder Essay817 Words   |  4 Pageslong ,2008 p.284) â€Å"autism is a neurological disorder that effect a person ability to communicate, to understand language, to play and to relate to others. A diagnose of autism is given when a person exhibits 6 or more of 12 symptoms listed across three major areas social interaction, communication, and behavior.† These symptoms can start as early as childhood. The Prevalence is 2% of the population and is it is more common in boys than girls. Also, there is no known cause for autism but has to haveRead MoreLearning Disability And Disorder ( Autism )1267 Words   |  6 Pageslearning disorders. Autism This disorder makes it difficult for an individual to master certain academic skills. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may have trouble communicating, learning basic skills, making friends, reading body language, and even making eye contact. This is a spectrum disorder, meaning that there is a wide range of variation in how it affects each individual. Every individual under the autism spectrum has to cope with different challenges and symptoms, and they each haveRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pageslive with is called Autism Spectrum Disorder. With early diagnosis, intervention, and proper treatment, some children with Autism Spectrum Disorder possibly can lead independent lives. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a â€Å"developmental disability that cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges† (Autism, 2015a). The word â€Å"spectrum† refers to â€Å"a wide range of symptoms, skills and levels of impairment or disability that children with ASD can have† (Autism, 2015b). ASD is â€Å"not

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Autoliv for Airbags and Steering Wheels - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAutoliv for Airbags and Steering Wheel. Answer: Autoliv deals with the building and construction of a safety and strong system. Nevertheless, the company is the leading manufacturer in the auto safety products like seatbelts, airbags and steering wheels. Autoliv is a Swedish-American company that has around 70 plants in the 32 countries. Moreover, the companys plants have achieved a status that is world class and have won prize. Furthermore, it has developed its own Autoliv Production System (APS) that operates in the renovation of cost, quality, safety and shipment that was earlier pioneered by Toyota. Conclusion Autolivs reputation and revenue illustrates that it should look for the improvement and development in a continuous manner. The lean deployment of the company is successful. The secret behind the companys active process is that they focus on the know why along with know how that is behind the lean tools.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Macbeths Irony Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth's Irony Macbeth's Irony There can be no argument that William Shakespeare's genius and gift of poetic writing is present in Macbeth. In addition, Shakespeare makes use of many outside sources for his work, pulling from political and historical events. Nearly all of Macbeth has a basis in historical fact. Holinshed chronicled in the sixteenth century the histories of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It is from the Historie of Scotland that Shakespeare builds the significance of this popular tragedy. The historical record contains the belief of Macbeth in the prophecies of three weird sisters, soothsayers who reinforce his ambitions for the throne; records Banquo's role; presents the subsequent murder of King Duncan; and reveals Macbeth's paranoia concerning Macduff. The play weaves these separate histories into a coherent whole. Macbeth is the story of a man whose ambitions have brought him to commit treason and murder. There is irony and symbolism in the play, which contribute to the acceptance of this maste rpiece. Three forms of irony are evident in Macbeth: dramatic irony, being the difference between what the audience sees and what the characters believe to be true; verbal irony, the difference between what is said and what is meant; and situational irony, the difference between what actually happens and what is expected. A theatergoer witnessing a performance of Macbeth may develop presumptions about what is actually true and what is actually a truth. When it is contrary to what the character in the play believes to be true, a dramatic irony occurs. This is evident when Lennox asks Macbeth whether the king is to leave Macbeth's castle for home: 1 Len. Goes the king hence to-day? Macb. He does; he did appoint so. (Macbeth. II, iii, 54-55) Obviously, Macbeth is consciously lying, for the audience is fully aware of his plans to murder King Duncan that night. With Macbeth's reply interpreted literally, the viewer is convinced Duncan does intend to leave the castle the next day. Therein lies the truth. Looking back at the opening of this scene, hidden truths of the porter are exposed: Port. Knock, knock! Who's there, in th' other devil's name? Faith, here's an equivocator, that could swear in both the scales against either scale, who committed treason enough for God's sake, yet could not equivocate to heaven. O, come in, equivocator. (Macbeth. II. iii. 7-11) Macbeth is playing the part of the equivocator again, equivocation being a form of double talk in which a remark considered true could be argued as truth from one viewpoint. One significant example of dramatic irony is again evident in the porter scene in Act II, scene iii, because of the masked reality the stuporous drunk reveals. The porter plays the part of porter at Hell-Gate in lines 1-3: Port. If a man were porter at Hell-Gate, he should have old turning the key. He continues to dramatize through line 16: Port. But this place is too cold for hell. I'll devil-porter it no further. With the king's murder discovered, it is nearly comedic when Lady Macbeth responds to the announcement of King Duncan's murder. She first enters in mock confusion, questioning: Lady M. What's the business, That such a hideous trumpet calls to parley The sleepers of the house? Speak, speak! (Macbeth. II, iii, 81-83) This scene could be directed in such a way to have the actor portraying Lady Macbeth embellish her performance to the point of dramatically emoting. Then, upon hearing Macduff refuse to tell her what has happened for The repetition in a woman's ear/Would murder as it fell (Macbeth. II, iii, 85-86) the viewer cannot help ignoring the serious tone of the scene and laughing at the irony in his choice of words. The lady then plays her innocence once more by replying in alarm to Macduff's telling Banquo of the murder: Lady M. Woe, alas! What in our house? (Macbeth. II, iii, 86-87) The most enjoyable form of irony in this play is verbal. Verbal irony is specifically when a person says that which is contrary to fact in order to make a point rather than to deceive. Sarcasm is one type of verbal irony. However, there are many. On the exit of Macbeth's final visit to the weird sisters, the first witch wryly comments on Macbeth's forgetting to thank them: 1. Witch. That this great king may kindly say Our

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Timothy Brown Essays (1093 words) - Military, United States Army

Timothy Brown Prof. Julian Rierson Compensation/ Benefits April 23, 2017 My Career Path Army officers are some of the best leaders in the world . Being an officer gives you an opportunity to grow professionally and personally. Education is a major key in the army. Since the beginning of my army career 3 years ago, my leaders always pushed me to learn new things. Being an officer , you need to well educated in a variety of topics. I believe with having a management degree it will help me lead other better. Officers take care of their subordinates, unlike some leaders I've encountered in the civilian world. Being an officer I plan on taking care of and motivating my subordinates to be the best at their full potential. Becoming an officer would be a great feeling. Being in the ROTC program gives me the opportunity to grow into the leader I want to be. Leading by example is something all officers should display. From watching officers throughout my military career they exemplify self-discipline, confidence, present military and professional bear ing. Those are some characteristics I wish to build while becoming an officer. Living by he army values are stepping stone to becoming a great military leader. Resilience is one of the biggest thing I've learned how to show since I've joined the army. No matter how hard things get I will continue to try and keep pushing. When a leader exemplifies resilience it will motivate their followers to do the same. The military has plenty of ways benefiting me financially, academically, and personally. For my career choice I was limited on some of the information . I specifically want to be an aviation officer. The SOC code for an aviation officer is 55-1011. An aviation officer is responsible for coordination of aviation operations from maintenance to controlling tower operations to tactical field operations. CITATION Uni1 \l 1033 (United State Army) The salary for an army officer varies depending on rank and years served. CITATION Uni \l 1033 (United States Army) Starting out as a Second Lieutenant with 2 or less years of service is $36,417.60. The amounts represented above is just base salary, which doesn't include bonuses, allowances and other benefits. The total compensation amount would be way more than the above amount. Most of the information for salary about an army officer was found on the actual army website. The bas e pay is the same in all states so I couldn't find certain pay for only the Columbus, Ga area. The army is constantly growing everyday. An article from USA today states that this year the Army is spending $300 million on bonuses and ads to get an additional 6,000 recruits than normal. By Oct. 1, the Army is going for a target of 476,000 active duty soldiers, up from the previous goal of 460,000. President Trump has said he wants an even larger force as many as 60,000 more soldiers. CITATION Chr \l 1033 (Chantrill) CITATION Bur \l 1033 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Dep artment of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook,) The army will double bonuses for new recruits in the hard to fill positions. Advertisement plays a big role in the growth of the army. The army is planning to spend $100 million on marketing to reach new recruits, which will reference the increase in the bonus amount. With this increase in bonuses this will motivate more people to join. The army now offer a two-year enlistment, which is lower than the normal three, four or more years. CITATION Tom17 \l 1033 (Brook) CITATION Chr \l 1033 (Chantrill) Above is a chart showing how much the US spend on its defenses. If you look at 2017 the amount is more than other years, because the target the military make increasing the amount of recruits entering the army. Opportunities should be good for qualified individuals in the military, plenty of the services that the military offer help fill entry-level and professional positions as current members move through the ranks, leave the service, or even retire. When the economy is thriving and civilian employment opportunities are generally more favorable, it is more difficult for the military to meet its recruitment quotas.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Surrealism As A Method of Interpretation †Art Essay

Surrealism As A Method of Interpretation – Art Essay Free Online Research Papers Surrealism As A Method of Interpretation Art Essay The basic idea of Rosalind Krauss’ Surrealist ‘spacing’ seems to be that it uses the fact that photographs are both indexical and representative, and in arresting the flow of what we see as the ‘real’, this shows how we see the world as a series of signs. If we are made to look at the subject in an interpretive way, as a sign, and at the same time know that it is ‘real’, it makes us interrogate the nature of that reality, and see that it is constructed. If we look at Man Ray’s Tears (1930-32) we see that while the crisp detail seems to emphasise the indexical nature of the photograph, the close, â€Å"insistent† cropping simultaneously indicates the ‘rupture’ with reality which has occurred; that it is now a representation of reality, of itself. This is emphasised by the punctuation of frozen ‘tears’ which allude to motion or liquidity while at the same time are emphatic in their concreteness. The dual nature of their simultaneous solidity and fluidity to a certain extent echoes Krauss’ ideas of the ‘doubling’ of reality and its destabilising qualities. Research Papers on Surrealism As A Method of Interpretation - Art EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Spring and AutumnIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMind TravelRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayTrailblazing by Eric AndersonEffects of Television Violence on Children

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Healthy People 2010 Indicator in my Community Essay

Healthy People 2010 Indicator in my Community - Essay Example As a community, our commitment to work towards the key focus areas and meeting of health objectives can be an indicator of a society moving towards its goal of healthy people 2010. Surgeon General David Satcher describes Healthy People 2010as "an encyclopedic compilation of health improvement opportunities for the next decade."3 The 467 target objectives of mission Healthy People 2010 have been broadly divided into 28 focus areas4: Access Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Chronic Back Conditions Cancer Chronic Kidney Disease Diabetes Disability and Secondary Conditions Environmental Health Educational and Community-Based Programs Family Planning Food Safety Health Communication Heart Disease and Stroke HIV/AIDS Immunization and Infectious Diseases Injury/Violence Prevention Maternal, Infant, Child Health Medical Product Safety Mental Health and Mental Disorders Nutrition and Overweight Occupational Safety and Health Oral Health Physical Activity and Fitness Asthma/Respiratory Diseases Public Health Infrastructure Sexually Transmitted Diseases Substance Abuse (including alcohol) Tobacco Use Vision and Hearing In the paper, I will be focusing on Asthma as an indicator of Healthy People 2010 in my community. Herein I will talk about: The prevalence of Asthma cases Its impact on the society The measures taken by us to make our community Asthma free by 2010 The measures taken for handling this problem successfully and overall access to quality healthy services for fighting this problem along with education awareness against causes and cure of Asthma will be instrumental in indicating the success of Healthy People 2010 mission. In the earlier times, only old aged people were known to suffer from respiratory problems like Asthma. But now-a-days, this problem is... In the beginning of the year, the health department of the United States released health goals for the overall country both at the local community and at state level, to be met by year 2010. The health people 2010 is a comprehensive report of key focus areas, our goals and objectives, as well as roadmap for promoting health and wellness and preventing diseases, disability, and premature death. Eliminate health disparities between different segments of the population, including those relating to gender, race and ethnicity, education, income, disability, living in rural localities, and sexual orientation2 Unless we as individuals take up our responsibility, it is not possible to meet the goals of a disease free society by 2010. As members of community, it becomes our responsibility to ensure that we work towards meeting the objectives of a healthy people community. The measures taken for handling this problem successfully and overall access to quality healthy services for fighting this problem along with education awareness against causes and cure of Asthma will be instrumental in indicating the success of Healthy People 2010 mission. The foremost reason for increasing problem of asthma cases in the community is exposure to pollution, inadequate facilities, and high smoking rate

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Teacher leadership mentoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teacher leadership mentoring - Essay Example First and foremost, the best plan for Ms. Thomas is to show that she has authority and control of all the activities carried out in class. She must ensure that all activities conform to the expected conduct of students in the class and supervise all work done even though in groups. It has been observed that some students are often found wandering during learning period which should not be the case. Managing effectively in class has several advantages as this would reduce the burden that seems to be negatively affecting her performance. With regards to student engagement, the best plan is to focus on the role of the student and make it the center of the educational process while she as the teacher would act as a regulator or facilitator that guides the learners throughout the lesson. This can be done through encouraging pupils to participate in class through responding to questions raised or to place the students in groups where they are given tasks to do then asked to give feedback to others. It has been noted that there is less student activity where the teacher is talking throughout the whole lesson with little input from the learners who are supposed to be the beneficiaries of the knowledge they acquire from the teacher. When students work together to accomplish shared learning goals, there would be highly chances that they would master what they discuss in class which is a very good plan for Ms. Thomas to be able to entice the students to participate in class. It is very important for the students to work toge ther in order to share and exchange the ideas with others since they will feel that knowledge can be generated through feedback and communication with others which makes them become more realistic than teaching through the book and focus on homework only. Group work is recommendable since it inculcates a sense of interdependence where the students would discover that the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Power the Structure of Conflict Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Power the Structure of Conflict - Case Study Example Bringing both the parties at level with each other through communication is the greatest task of mediation aiming at eliminating power abuse. In the given case study, Roland makes use of his power through verbal bullying and abuse with his partner and the subordinates, which makes him less popular among them due to which people working under him are suffering through job dissatisfaction. Power imbalance between the two partners, Roland and Karen, makes them enter into conflicts every now and then and since Karen seems to be in less power, this makes her submissive and more understanding. Roland can deal with the conflicts in a better way by communicating with the workers on friendly terms and making them feel at ease with him so that they share their ideas with him and a better solution is approached. But since, Roland wants to use his power therefore he is less understanding and is imposing his decisions upon the others.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Refinery And Petrochemical Integrated Development

Refinery And Petrochemical Integrated Development Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development is considered as the largest petrochemical complex project currently in the region of South East Asia. RAPID project is located in Pengerang, South Eastern of Johor state. As the main investor, PETRONAS proposed RM60 billion investment for RAPID project. The major production of RAPID is the crude oil refinery with refining capacity of 300,000 BSPD. The crude oil refinery will act as the spine of the project that will supply sufficient feedstock to the petrochemical complex. With conservative estimate, petrochemical complexes will produce an annual combined production of approximately 3 million tonnes of ethylene, propylene, C4 and C5 olefins. The beneficial condition had attracted few company to partner with PETRONAS in the RAPID project. At present, there are five(5) company which had signed an agreement with PETRONAS to jointly own, develop, construct and operate production facilities for a host of specialty chemical products within Petronas proposed RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor. Those five(5) company are ITOCHU Corporation of Japan PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited, DIALOG, Italy-based Versalis SpA, and Evonik Industries AG. Initially, another German world leading chemical company, BASF, had signed the Head of Agreement (HoA) with PETRONAS. However, in 21 January 2013, PETRONAS announced that the Head of Agreement (HoA) between two parties for a jointly specialty chemicals venture within PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor, has been terminated by mutual agreement. Unfortunately, following negotiations, PETRONAS and BASF concluded that it would be in their mutual interest to terminate the HoA as both parties were unable to come to an agreement on the terms and conditions for the implementation of the proposed venture. After the news of termination of HoA between PETRONAS and BASF was released, another company had signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) with PETRONAS almost at the same time. Evonik Indutstries AG is fully interested to jointly embark on the development of production facilities of specialty chemicals within PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor. Although there are only six(6) company which have signed agreement to be part into PETRONAS RAPID project, it is widely believed that more potential company are yet to join the PETRONAS RAPID project. Therefore, in this chapter, it mostly covers the background and licensors issue of those six(6) company. At the mean time, this chapter will also cover the difference of the development of production facilities of specialty chemicals among the company in different location. Besides that, it will make the comparison of two company in different petrochemical complex based on several aspects. Moreover, this chapter will include the proposed potential company that are feasibility for PETRONAS RAPID project. In addition, this chapter will also analyze the role playing and licensors issue of the latent company within PETRONAS RAPID project. 4.2 Role Playing and Licensor of Company in PETRONAS RAPID project 4.2.1 PETRONAS PETRONAS is considered as the major investor for RAPID project and will own, construct and operate the oil refinery plant and also naphtha cracker plant. PETRONAS, for being one of the leading oil and gas industrial company in the world, has full of experience in constructing and operating the oil refinery plant and also naphtha cracker plant. PETRONAS no doubt has the profession and technology to handle oil refinery plant which refining a capacity of 300,000 BSPD crude oil. PETRONAS has taken the license technology from the previous licensor, Exxon Mobil Research and Engineering (EMRE). Those 300,000 BSPD of crude oil will be refined and converted into different petroleum products, distributed and supplied to entire petrochemical plants within RAPID project. Currently, RAPID project comprised construction work of few petrochemical plants such as hydrogen peroxide plant with a production capacity of 250,000 MTPA, a 220,000 MTPA isononanol plant, an 110,000 MTPA 1-butene plant and a 1,300MW gas-fired power plant. These are only part of the petrochemical plants within RAPID project. There are few investors have not made decision on the construction of petrochemical plants. The decision will be made later the third quarter of this year. On that time, we will know entire plan of RAPID project. However, we can define their move for RAPID project based on the profile of the company such as ITOCHU Corporation of Japan and PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited. 4.2.2 ITOCHU Corporation of Japan PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited Both ITOCHU Corporation of Japan and PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited are the world leading chemical company in oil and gas industry. The Energy Chemical company under ITOCHU Corporation consists of two divisions: the Energy Division and Chemical Division. The Energy Division facilitates the development and trade of bioethanol, focusing on developments in crude oil, natural gas, and other resources, and the supply chain where trade centres around the world originally operate. On the other side, the Chemical Division handles basic chemicals, synthetic resin, synthetic fibre raw materials, electronic materials, secondary battery-related materials and pharmaceutical products, among others. The company creates synergies in both of these globally operating divisions and have created an optimal value chain in petroleum, gas, and chemicals, in an effort to enrich the lives of people in the world. Another party, PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited is the amalgamation of PTT Chemical Public Company Limited and PTT Aromatics and Refining Public Company Limited to be the chemical flagship of PTT Group. The integration results in reaching a total Olefins and Aromatics production capacity of 8.2 million tons per year and petroleum production capacity of 280,000 barrels per day, making it Thailands largest and Asias leading integrated petrochemical and refining company. PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited is strengthened with its diversity of product in both Olefins and Aromatics line, which improves its competitive advantage as well as the ability to reduce risk inherent in the petrochemical industry. On 18th May 2012, ITOCHU Corporation of Japan and PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited (PTTCG) have signed the Head of Agreement (HoA) with PETRONAS for the development of PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor. Mr. Sirisaengtaksin, Chief Executive Officer of PTTGC, said Through this new collaboration, we hope to strengthen our ties and business synergies within the Southeast Asia Region and to also meet the demands of a rapidly growing ASEAN regions population and AEC market growth We hope also to further strengthen our alliance and look forward to a long and sustainable relationship with PETRONAS and ITOCHU far into the future through our collaboration in high value added chemicals to serve the automotive, construction and electronic industries. As mentioned previously, the proposed refinery will have a capacity of 300,000 barrels per standard day and will supply naphtha and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) feedstock for the RAPID petrochemical complex, as well as produce gasoline and diesel that meet European specifications. With such a large amount of crude oil supply, ITOCHU and PTT are able to produce various merchant grades petrochemicals products. In prior, we discuss about the development of ITOCHU Corporation in PETRONAS RAPID project. In fact, ITOCHU Corporation signed a separate Heads of Agreement with PETRONAS and PTT Global Chemical, an integrated refinery, petrochemical, and aromatic player, towards the development of the new project for a few petrochemical downstream projects within the Project RAPID. It is widely believed that the production facilities should be close to the chemical industrial area covered by ITOCHU previously. Therefore, we bravely concluded that ITOCHU Chemical Division will own, develop, constru ct and operate a petrochemical downstream project in PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor. Generally, ITOCHU trades an extensive lineup of products, including basic chemicals, plastics, electronic materials, and pharmaceutical raw materials. ITOCHU has the higher opportunity to operate synthetic fibre production plant. The licensor of synthetic fibre production plant could be UOP Technology. UOP Technology provide the license of technology for ITOCHU and allow ITOCHU to use the particular technology to operate the synthetic fibre production plant. ITOCHU will demand the feedstock of synthetic fibre from PETRONAS oil refinery as there is sufficient capacity of up to 300,00 BSPD refining crude oil supply. Similarity, as the collaboration partner, PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited (PTTGC), collaborate with ITOCHU Corporation and PETRONAS, to own, develop, construct, and operate at least two petrochemical plants in RAPID project. The petrochemical plants are not specified yet until now. However, based on the speech of Mr. Sirisaengtaksin, Chief Executive Officer of PTTGC, it is widely believed that the production of specialty chemical is mostly high value added chemical to serve the automotive, construction, and electronic industries. The future plan announced by PTTGC mentions that there is $11 billion capex by year 2020. PETRONAS RAPID project is also included and considered as one of the significant project in the future plan. The final decision will be on the middle of this year. Nevertheless, we strongly believed PTTGC, associated with ITOCHU Corporation to operate olefins downstream production plant and aromatic plant. Generally, ethylene and propylene can produce polyeth ylene, polypropylene, HDPE, LDPE, and LLDPE. The capacity of these products is considered large in amount as there is sufficient olefins supply. Besides that, aromatic products such as benzene, toluene and mixed-xylene are also produced through the petrochemical plant as well to supply them as raw materials to generate the downstream industries such as polystyrene. Alongside the massive production of olefins, aromatics, and by-product produced, PETRONAS RAPID is expected to fulfil the requirement and massive demand of feedstock from South East Asia country and Asia country especially China. PETRONAS RAPID is expected to step out to become the major and leading raw material supplier within the region in South East Asia and even the entire Asia region. PTTGC operates the aromatics plant and produces and distributes primary aromatics, namely benzene, paraxylene, orthoxylene, toluene, mixed xylenes, and cyclohexane (intermediate product) as feedstock for intermediate and downstream industries. PTTGC runs two aromatics plants, it boast the technology of UOP, a world-renowned licensor known for constant upgrading. Both facilities allow feedstock and product exchange to optimize paraxylene and benzene production. PTTGC plans to produce a total of more than 2.05 million tons of aromatics with an 88% utilization rate and continuous process efficiency improvement which over the past few years record. Alongside the experience of operating the aromatic plant, PTTGC knows the efficiency improvement move and straightly apply into PETRONS RAPID project. The successive moves such as replacement of heat exchanger of the distillation tower to produce 25,000 tons per year of additional paraxylene and installation of pipeline system to the refinery to produce reformate to add value to excess sour naphtha from aromatics plant. PTTGC may apply the technologies into the aromatics plant in RAPID project and produces greater amount and quality of products. PTTGC may rise RAPID project become the leading petrochemical complex in Asia region. On the other sides, PTTGC Group obtains olefins (a collective name for ethylene and propylene) from PETRONAS naphtha cracker plant for intermediate and downstream petrochemical plants in the industrial estate, for HDPE, LDPE, and LLDPE plants within the Group, and for the ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol (EO/EG) plant, wholly owned by PTTGC. The Group produces and sells olefins by-products, namely mixed C4, pyrolysis gasoline, tail gas, cracker bottom, and hydrogen, to domestic and foreign customers. To supplement value to these, PTTGC will operate the butene-1 and butadiene project from mixed C4 with a combined capacity of about 100,000 tons per year. Today, the plants basic engineering design has been completed, with a start-up date in about the second quarter of 2014. In addition, it is widely believed that PTTGC will owns, constructs and operates a 1,300MW gas-fired power plant within RAPID project. The gas-fired power plant supply power throughout the entire RAPID project. The feedstock used to generate the power plant is natural gas that obtained from the crude oil. In order to achieve green environment, the feedstock also can be obtained from the recycled natural gas from other petrochemical plant. This action has not only achieve green environment yet it helps to cut the cost of production. 4.2.3 Italy-based Versalis SpA Italy-based Versalis SpA is the third petrochemical company to join PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor. On 17th July 2012, PETRONAS and Itay-based Versalis SpA have signed for Head of Agreement (HoA) to jointly own, develop, construct, and operate elastomer plant within PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor. Based on the report statement, under the terms of the HoA, the proposed joint venture will produce and market synthetic rubbers by using Versalis technology license and technology know-how. Versalis (formerly known as Polimeri Europa) is a petrochemical company and flagship company of Eni SpA, an Italian multinational oil and gas company. It handles the production and marketing of a wide portfolio of petrochemical products, using a range of proprietary technologies and state-of-the-art production systems and a wide-reaching and efficient distribution network. Versalis provides its own technology of license and proves that Versalis has much confidence to the application of technology for the elastomer plant. For your information, the patent and proprietary technology portfolio ranges from basic products to polymers phenol and derivatives, polyethylene, styrenics and elastomers, but also catalysts, and special chemical products. Versalis contributes a lot of efforts to develop its own proprietary technology by using the direct experience earned at its research and development centre, its production plants, and also considering the feedbacks of the market towards its products. Throughout this approach, Versalis manages to optimize and strengthen the designing of the single devices and plants, of their performances, of the performances of the proprietary catalysts, of the characteristics of the products getting outstanding results in all the technologies of the companys business areas. And this is the reason that Versalis intends to use its o wn technology license. The elastomer technology used for the elastomer plant within PETRONAS RAPID project are: (1) emulsion polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (e-SBR), (2) solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (s-SBR), (3) SBS copolymers technology (SBS), (4) NBR butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers technology (NBR), and (5) High Cis Polibutabiene rubber technology (HCBR NEOCIS). These technology are mostly believed to be brought and applied into the elastomer plant with PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang Johor. The brief introduction of each technology is needed for more understanding. Emulsion polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber is one of the most common used polymers in worldwide, used in a large variety of applications which significantly provide good quality of our life. The Versalis proprietary technology achieves wide-range of products which covers all e-SBR field of application like tires, footwears, light coloured and etc. Besides that, High Solids SBR Latices, whose main applications are in moulded foam, gel and non-gel carpet foam and stiffness enhancer Latices, are also leading product based on Versalis proprietary technology. Other the other hand, solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber is the most suitable feedstock for highly specified tyre components used in the fabrication of high performance tyres, where the lowest fuel consumption and the highest durability are required. In order to maintain the quality of polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber, s-SBR proprietary technology has been developed as an alternative to emulsion technology to produce new product grades and also to significantly reduce some environmental impact of the emulsion technology. Following by Versalis SBS technology, it is flexible in catering the different product grades required by the SBS market to meet new application requirements. Hence, the competitive production of the most common SBS grades and the additional SBS grades for special applications are allowed by Versalis SBS technology. Besides that, NBR butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers are copolymers of butadiene (BD) and acrylonitrile (AN) produced by initiation redox catalyst systems to an emulsion polymerisation reaction . The high resistance to oils over a wide temperature range is certainly one of most important feature of Nitrile Rubber. Furthermore, goods NBR-based are normally high strength and resistance to abrasion properties. Originally, Versalis used cold radicalic polymerization technology for NBR production and was then continuously improved and modified its own NBR butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers production technology based on market requests and feedbacks to meet the safety regulation requirement. At last, High Cis Polibutabiene rubber technology was first developed in the 80s, with the aim to produce rubber grades with specific properties in tyre sector as well as in other industrial applications. Typical High Cis Polibutabiene rubber plant consists of one reaction section, one finishing line and one packaging line. Based on the technology development and experience taken in operation of elastomer plant, it is widely believed that Versalis will focus on the partnership alongside with excellent proven elastomer operation records and wealth of experience and expertise that would significantly contribute towards strengthening PETRONAS and Malaysias position as a key downstream petrochemical player in the South East Asia region or the entire Asia region. 4.2.4 Evonik Industries AG PETRONAS is pleased to announce that a Letter of Intent (LOI) was signed with Evonik Industries AG to jointly engage on the development of production facilities of chemical specialty within PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang , Johor. On 13 January 2013, Evonik Industries AG officially signed the Letter of Intent (LOI) with PETRONAS and became the latest petrochemical company investing in RAPID project followed by ITOCHU Corporation, PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited, and Italy-based Versalis SpA. Evonik, the creative industrial group from Germany, is one of the world leaders in specialty chemicals. Evoniks corporate strategy manages to maintain profitable growth and a sustained increase in the value of the company. Basically, its activities focus on the key megatrends health, nutrition, resource efficiency and globalization. Evonik benefits specifically from its innovative prowess and integrated technology platforms. Under the LOI, Evonik Industries AG planned to form a partnership with PETRONAS to jointly own, develop, construct and operate facilities for the production of hydrogen peroxide, C4 co-monomer and oxo-products within RAPID project.. The proposed plants within RAPID project are expected to produce a capacity of 250,000 metric tons of hydrogen peroxide, 220,000 metric tons of isononanol (INA) and 110,000 metric tons of 1-butene annually. Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide will be used to produce propylene oxide by the licensed, eco-friendly hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide (HPPO) process. The licensed technology, HPPO process, was jointly developed by Evonik and ThyssenKrupp Uhde. Evonik is one of the worlds largest producers of hydrogen peroxide and C4 based products with production facilities in Europe, North America, South America, New Zealand, Asia, South Africa and Indonesia. The worldwide capacity of hydrogen peroxide production is in excess of 600.000 tons per year. With more than 100 years of experience in peroxygen chemistry, Evonik is believed able to provide high quality products backed up by professional technical, engineering and sales support within PETRONAS RAPID project. The hydrogen peroxide plant is expected to boast an annual production capacity of 250,000 metric tons thus increasing the current overall hydrogen peroxide in worldwide. The group believes it is going to become the largest manufacturer of hydrogen peroxide. Today, hydrogen peroxide is widely used for various chemical industries. Therefore, it is a wise approach to operate hydrogen peroxide production plant within RAPID project. Generally, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally friendly chemical used for oxidation reactions, bleaching process in pulp, paper, and textile industries, various waste water and air treatment, and for various disinfection applications. Nevertheless, Evonik has decided to implement the HPPO process with its own technology licensing which is developed by Evonik and ThyssenKrupp Uhde within RAPID project. The innovative HPPO process allows the oxidant to be used to produce propylene oxide. The HPPO process benefits that it requires significantly less investment and allows a high degree of production efficiency. It is also an extremely eco-friendly process. Besides that, oxo-products production plant such as isononanol (INA) production plant will be implemented within RAPID project by Evonik. Basically, isononanol (INA) is the most important raw material used for manufacturing large-volume of plasticizers. Plasticizers are chemical compounds that are used to make PVC materials to be flexible. The plastics become softer and more elastic and pliable for certain desired use. Plasticizers change the physical properties of the plastics without chemically react with the materials. As expected, Evonik plans to produce 220,000 metric tons of isononanol (INA) annually through the plant within RAPID project. This amount of capacity are believed sufficiently for demands throughout the South East Asia region. Most of the isononanol produced renders in the manufacture of DINP (di isononyl phthalate). The technology licensor for the isononanol (INA) production plant will be ThyssenKrupp Uhde. Uhde offers its first-class proprietary technology for the isononanol production plant within RAPID project. Similarly, the proprietary technology is developed based on research and production plants for many years. With this type of approach, the proprietary technology benefits that allows a high degree of efficiency with less investment requirement. In addition, Evonik has confirmed to operate a capacity of 110,000 metric tons annually 1-butene production plant within RAPID project. Evonik uses its own proprietary technology to operate the 1-butene production plant. Basically, 1-butene is used mainly as a co-monomer for polyethylene (LLDPE, HDPE) or co-monomer for ethylene/propylene copolymers. The advantage of 1-butene is mainly to improve for the tear strength of the polymer. Moreover, it is also used as intermediate for the production of various products such as antioxidants, plasticizers, herbicides, corrosion inhibitors or additives to lubricating and hydraulic oils. Evonik Industries AG are focusing on RAPID project seriously as they implement three main petrochemical production plant within PETRONAS RAPID project in Pengerang, Johor. As the Member of the Executive Board of Evonik, Dr. Dahai Yu said, The entire project is set to mark another milestone in our growth strategy in the Asian market. This is why were seeking for a strong long-term strategic partner like PETRONAS. The partnership is expected to strengthen the PETRONAS position as the key downstream petrochemical player as well as to position Malaysia as the number one oil and gas hub in the Asia Pacific region by 2017. Throughout the collaboration, Evonik Industries AG further consolidates its position as one of the world largest producers of hydrogen peroxide and C4-based products. 4.3 The Comparison of RAPID Project and Kerteh and Gebeng Integrated Petrochemical Complex 4.3.1 Construction and Operation Area Kerteh and Gebeng Integrated Petrochemical Complex is playing the significant role in the development of Malaysian petrochemical complexes of the east coast industrial corridor. Although isolated from the nations mainstream economic activities and politically distinctive, these former fishing villages have been transformed into Malaysias petrochemical industrial hub within a thirty years period. Similarly, RAPID project also transforms the fishing villages in Pengerang, Johor into another larger petrochemical industrial hub comparing to the one in east coast industrial corridor (ECIC). Currently, Kerteh and Gebeng Integrated Petrochemical Complex have become the leading role to multi-national petroleum, gas and chemical giants and are widely believed to have received highest concentration of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia. However, Upon target commissioning date in 2016, RAPID will become the largest petrochemical industrial hub within Asia Pacific Region. Kerteh and Gebeng are two different locations but planned to become industrial townships within the east coast industrial corridor (ECIC) of Peninsula Malaysia. The two town are connected by a dedicated railway. In contrast, RAPID project is planned to constructed at only one town area without any connections from other places. The figure 5.3 and figure 5.4 illustrate the Integrated Petrochemical Complex at Gebeng and location plan of RAPID project. Currently KPIC covers over 2,800 acres of land, and is planned to expand to cover about 13,200 acres by the year 2010. In present, GPIC covers about 8900 acres and it is expected to expand to about 23,700 acres by the year 2008. Initially, as statement from DEIA report, RAPID project is planned to cover 6,242 acres of land in Pengerang. The land covered will be further under expansion to be larger than the combination of IPC in Kerteh and Gebeng and in Melaka on the commissioning date by 2016. Verbund site 4.3.2 Capacity of Crude Oil Refinery In past, KIPC was only used as a crude oil channel, and as a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) refinery. KIPC channels a capacity of 400,000 BSPD crude oil and 2,200 million cubic feet of LPG. Furthermore, KIPC also received some 250 million of LPG from Indonesia. Comparing to RAPID whereby RAPID is expected to have a refining capacity of 300,00 BSPD of crude oil. Upon target commissioning date in 2016, the countrys total refining capacity is to be increased to 935,300 barrels daily (bpd) from the current 635,300 bpd produced by the PETRONAS refineries in Kertih and Melaka. The refinery production of crude oil in RAPID project is illustrated in figure 4.5. For petrochemical related products, the current production capacity from the PETRONAS complexes in Gebeng and Kerteh is around 2.6 million KMTPA and upon RAPID operation, there will be an increase in production capacity to 6.5 million (KMTPA). It proves that the production capacity of RAPID project is expected to be much greater than GIPC and KIPC. Both Kerteh and Gebeng Integrated Petrochemical Complex and RAPID project have received high concentration of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia. Kerteh and Gebeng Integrated Petrochemical Complex have attracted foreign company to join partnership to own, develop, construct and operate petrochemical plants. In GIPC, the PETRONAS and its joint-venture plants, the Gebeng IPC is also host to a number of multinational chemical companies, such as Amoco Chemicals, which owns and operates a purified terephthalic acid plant, and Eastman Chemicals, which owns and operates a copolyester plastic resin plant. Figure 4.4 illustrates the major petrochemical plant and its production capacity. The MTBE plant produces a capacity of 300,000 pta of MTBE and 80,000 pta of propylene. Besides that, propane dehydrogenation plant produces another capacity of 300,000 pta of propylene. The propylene production plant also add on produces 80,000 pta of propylene. In addition, the BPC Acrylics Complex produces four(4) various of chemical products which are 160,000 tpa Crude Acrylic Acid, 20,000 tpa Glacial Acrylic Acid, 100,000 tpa Butyl-Acrylate, 60,000 tpa 2-Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate. Furthermore, BPC Oxo-Alcohols and Syngas produces five(5) petrochemical products like 80,000 tpa 2-Ethyhexanol, 40,000 tpa Phthalic Anhydride, 100,000 tpa Plasticizers, 160,000 tpa Butanols, 170,000 tpa Syngas. For BPC Butanediol Complex, a capacity of 100,000 tpa Butanediol is produced through the complex. PETRONAS Integrated Petrochemical Complex (IPC) located within the PETRONAS Petroleum Industry Complex (PPIC) in Kertih, Terengganu is an important link in our gas value chain. Receiving gas feedstock from the fields offshore Terengganu, the Kertih IPC principally consists of ethylene-based petrochemical plants. The plants located within this IPC include two ethylene crackers, a polyethylene plant, an ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol plant, a multi-unit derivatives plant, vinyl chloride monomer/PVC plants, ammonia/synthesis gas plants, an acetic acid plant, an aromatics complex and a low-density polyethylene plant. These plants are owned and operated mainly on a joint venture basis with various foreign partners with the advanced technology and experience, financial strength and market access to add value to the business. Figure 4.4 illustrates the major petrochemical plant and its production capacity. The ethylene plant produces a capacity of 400,000 pta of ethylene. Besides that, poly ethylene plant produces capacity of 200,000 pta of polyethylene and 55,000 pta of pipe compounding. The vinyl chloride monomer production plant also produces 400,000 pta of vinyl chloride monomer. In addition, the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plant produces a capacity of 160,000 tpa PVC, Furthermore, Amonia and Syngas plant produces 450,000 tpa ammonia and 325,000 tpa Syngas. For acetic acid plant, a capacity of 400,000 tpa acetic acid is produced through the plant. The aromatics plant produces capacity production of 500,000 tpa Paraxylene and 188,000 tpa Benzene. Olefins (Second Cracker ) mainly produces 600,000 tpa Ethylene and 95,000 tpa Propylene for downstream production. Ethylene Oxide and Ethylene Glycol production plant produce capacity of 140,000 tpa Ethylene Oxide and 385,000 tpa Ethylene Glycols respectively. Ethylene Derivatives production plant produces five(5) petrochemical products such as 30,000 tpa Ethoxylates, 75,000 tpa Ethanolamines, 60,000 tpa Glycol Ethers, 140,000 tpa Butanol and 50,000 tpa Butyl Acetate to contributes for downstream production uses. The Low Density Polyethylen production plant produces a capacity of 255,000 tpa LDPE. For RAPID project, the capacity of production plants is clearly figured out in previous chapter. Therefore, for the information regarding the capacity of production within RAPID project, you are advised to refer the previous chapter. 4.4 The Comparison of RAPID Project and Titan Petrochemical Complex in Pasir Gudang 4.4.1 Location and Construction and Operation Area Titan petrochemical complex is owned and operated by Titan Chemical Group currently with the name of Lotte Chemical Titan Holdings Sdn. Bhd. Titan petrochemical complex constructed its first facility in Malaysia, a RM300 million polypropylene plant in year 1989. With

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Temperature and Gas

Looking for a Gas Gas is everywhere. There is something called the atmosphere. That's a big layer of gas that surrounds the Earth. Gases are random groups of atoms. In  solids,  atoms  and molecules are compact and close together. Liquids  have atoms that are spread out a little more. Gases are really spread out and the atoms and molecules are full of energy. They are bouncing around constantly. Gases can fill a container of any size or shape. It doesn't even matter how big the container is. The molecules still  spread out  to fill the whole space equally.That is one of their  physical  characteristics. Think about a balloon. No matter what shape you make the balloon, it will be evenly filled with the gas molecules. The molecules are spread equally throughout the entire balloon. Liquids can only fill the bottom of the container, while gases can fill it entirely. The shape of liquids is really dependent on the force of  gravity, while gases are light enough to have a little more freedom to move. Compressing Gases Gases hold huge amounts of  energy, and their molecules are spread out as much as possible.With very little pressure, when compared to liquids and solids, those molecules can be  compressed. It happens all of the time. Combinations of pressure and decreasing temperature force gases into tubes that we use every day. You might see compressed air in a spray bottle or feel the carbon dioxide rush out of a can of soda. Those are both examples of gas forced into a smaller space than it would want, and the gas escapes the first chance it gets. The gas molecules move from an area of high pressure to one of low pressure.What is the kinetic-molecular theory? The kinetic-molecular theory states: 1) All matter is composed of very small particles called atoms,ions or molecules. 2) All of these small particles are in constant motion, even at the coldest temperature whether vibratory or translatory. 3)The kinetic energy of the particles is a meas ure of temprature. The greater the number of impacts the greater will be the pressure and vice-versa. 4) These particles collide but the total energy remains same. PropertiesThe Link Between  P  and  nThe pressure of a gas results from collisions between the gas particles and the walls of the container. Each time a gas particle hits the wall, it exerts a force on the wall. An increase in the number of gas particles in the container increases the frequency of collisions with the walls and therefore the pressure of the gas. Amontons' Law (PT)The last postulate of the kinetic molecular theory states that the average kinetic energy of a gas particle depends only on the temperature of the gas.Thus, the average kinetic energy of the gas particles increases as the gas becomes warmer. Because the mass of these particles is constant, their kinetic energy can only increase if the average velocity of the particles increases. The faster these particles are moving when they hit the wall, t he greater the force they exert on the wall. Since the force per collision becomes larger as the temperature increases, the pressure of the gas must increase as well. Boyle's Law (P  = 1/v)Gases can be compressed because most of the volume of a gas is empty space.If we compress a gas without changing its temperature, the average kinetic energy of the gas particles stays the same. There is no change in the speed with which the particles move, but the container is smaller. Thus, the particles travel from one end of the container to the other in a shorter period of time. This means that they hit the walls more often. Any increase in the frequency of collisions with the walls must lead to an increase in the pressure of the gas. Thus, the pressure of a gas becomes larger as the volume of the gas becomes smaller.Charles' Law (V  Ã‚  T)The average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas is proportional to the temperature of the gas. Because the mass of these particles is constant, the particles must move faster as the gas becomes warmer. If they move faster, the particles will exert a greater force on the container each time they hit the walls, which leads to an increase in the pressure of the gas. If the walls of the container are flexible, it will expand until the pressure of the gas once more balances the pressure of the atmosphere.The volume of the gas therefore becomes larger as the temperature of the gas increases. Avogadro's Hypothesis (V  Ã‚  N)As the number of gas particles increases, the frequency of collisions with the walls of the container must increase. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the pressure of the gas. Flexible containers, such as a balloon, will expand until the pressure of the gas inside the balloon once again balances the pressure of the gas outside. Thus, the volume of the gas is proportional to the number of gas particles. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures (Pt  =  P1  +  P2  +  P3  + †¦ Imagine what would hap pen if six ball bearings of a different size were added to the  molecular dynamics simulator. The total pressure would increase because there would be more collisions with the walls of the container. But the pressure due to the collisions between the original ball bearings and the walls of the container would remain the same. There is so much empty space in the container that each type of ball bearing hits the walls of the container as often in the mixture as it did when there was only one kind of ball bearing on the glass plate.The total number of collisions with the wall in this mixture is therefore equal to the sum of the collisions that would occur when each size of ball bearing is present by itself. In other words, the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. Graham's law of effusion  can be demonstrated with the apparatus in the figure below. A thick-walled filter flask is evacuated with a vacuum pump. A syr inge is filled with 25 mL of gas and the time required for the gas to escape through the syringe needle into the evacuated filter flask is measured with a stop watch.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Alcoholic Beverage and Quantum Software Essay

Quantum Software does indeed have a problem involving a disagreement in the appropriateness of a company sponsored social activity. This weekly gathering is offered by Quantum’s management as a reward for their productiveness displayed throughout the week. While the get-together appears to be very popular among employees and managers alike, there is at least one party (Bill, the corporate attorney) who voices objection to the weekly festivity (Brown & Harvey, 1995). The problems can be defined in terms of macro; issues having to do with leadership, resources, and the surrounding infrastructure, and micro, which include internal issues such as employee training, empowerment and organizational processes. (Packard 2005). The macro issue is that there is a difference in opinion on whether or not the â€Å"beer bust† is an appropriate means of rewarding the company’s employees. Stan and Erin, the founders of Quantum Software, feel that this time is beneficial because it provides an opportunity to â€Å"encourage the team concept† (Brown & Harvey, 1995). Bill however, after witnessing an employee stumbling as a result of his drinking, questions the company’s liability of providing alcohol during the workday. The micro issue, although not specifically stated in the study, is that coworkers are subject to seeing each other as well as members of management in an intoxicated state; creating a situation where professional integrity could be compromised. The cause for the conflict is the fact that the company is offering its employees alcohol during work hours, creating a situation where Quantum would be held liable should an accident occur at work or as the employees were leaving the office. Additional concerns are warranted in considering that not all employees (based on statistically studies of drinking in the workplace) will be included in an event where drinking alcohol is involved (NZMA, 2006). Additionally, studies show that organizations that encourage drinking at work have a higher rate of employees with drinking problems; which can greatly affect worker performance (National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism, 2006). Alternative opportunities should be offered to the employees that would achieve the goals that Stan and Erin have set of creating an atmosphere where workers can â€Å"blow off a little steam† without providing alcohol (Brown & Harvey, 1995). Recognizing that the workers are adults and have the ability to make responsible decisions in regards to drinking, perhaps a social committee could provide an alternate experience to the â€Å"beer bust† that does not conflict with the interest of Quantum Software. There are two recommendations that I would offer to the management team of Quantum Software. First, the monies dedicated to offering the current â€Å"beer bust† should be redirected to an offering that includes all employees, including those that do not drink. This will provide an inclusive atmosphere where all employees can participate. Second, an off-property location should be established by a social committee (not management) where employees have the opportunity to â€Å"socialize over a beer without the pressure of work† (Brown & Harvey, 1995). This way the employees are on their own time and are responsible for their own actions; relieving Quantum Software of any responsibility for its employee’s actions. References Brown, D. & Harvey D. (2006). An experimental approach to organization and development. Upper Saddle River: Pearson National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2008). Alcohol and the workplace Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://alcoholism. about. com/od/work/l/blnaa44. htm NZMA (2006). Alcohol consumption. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://www. nzma. org. nz/journal/116-1184/645/Figures%20and%20tables. pdf Packard,T. (1995). TQM and organizational change and development. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://www. improve. org/tqm. html#Exhibit%20I:%20A%20Force%20Field %20.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Countries With Negative Population Growth

Countries With Negative Population Growth Data from the Population Reference Bureau showed in 2006 that there were 20 countries in the world with negative or zero natural population growth expected between 2006 and 2050.   What Does Negative Natural Population Growth Mean? This negative or zero natural population growth means that these countries have more deaths than births or an even number of deaths and births; this figure does not include the effects  of immigration or emigration. Even including immigration over emigration, only one of the 20 countries (Austria) was expected to grow between 2006 and 2050, though the rush of emigration from wars in the Middle East (especially Syrias civil war) and Africa in the mid-2010s could revise those expectations. The Highest Decreases The country with the highest decrease in the natural birthrate was  Ukraine, with a natural decrease of 0.8 percent  each year. Ukraine was expected to lose 28 percent  of its  population between 2006 and 2050 (from 46.8 million to 33.4 million in 2050). Russia and Belarus followed close behind at a 0.6 percent  natural decrease, and Russia was expected to lose 22 percent  of its population by 2050, which would be a loss of more than 30 million people (from 142.3 million in 2006 to 110.3 million in 2050). Japan was the only non-European country in the list, though China joined it after the list was released and had a lower-than-replacement birthrate in the mid-2010s.  Japan has a 0 percent natural birth increase and was expected to lose 21 percent  of its population between 2006 and 2050 (shrinking from 127.8 million to a mere 100.6 million in 2050).   A List of Countries With Negative Natural Increase Heres the list of the countries that were expected to have a negative natural increase or zero increase in population between 2006 and 2050. Ukraine: 0.8% natural decrease annually; 28% total population decrease by 2050Russia: -0.6%; -22%Belarus: -0.6%; -12%Bulgaria: -0.5%; -34%Latvia: -0.5%; -23%Lithuania: -0.4%; -15%Hungary: -0.3%; -11%Romania: -0.2%; -29%Estonia: -0.2%; -23%Moldova: -0.2%; -21%Croatia: -0.2%; -14%Germany: -0.2%; -9%Czech Republic: -0.1%; -8%Japan: 0%; -21%Poland: 0%; -17%Slovakia: 0%; -12%Austria: 0%; 8% increaseItaly: 0%; -5%Slovenia: 0%; -5%Greece: 0%; -4% In 2017, the Population Reference Bureau released a fact sheet showing that the top five countries expected to lose population between then and 2050 were:China: -44.3%Japan: -24.8%Ukraine: -8.8%Poland: -5.8%Romania: -5.7%Thailand: -3.5%Italy: -3%South Korea: -2.2%

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Conquer Your Inbound Marketing Strategy with this Process (4 Templates)

Conquer Your Inbound Marketing Strategy with this Process (4 Templates) If you’re working in digital marketing in 2019, chances are the majority of your activities revolve around inbound marketing. Many marketing teams take an ad hoc approach to inbound, with bits of PPC, content marketing, and social media sprinkled here and there. Rarely do teams have a full fledged inbound marketing strategy and process in place. Laying a good foundation and process for your inbound strategy has a couple of great benefits. Drives more leads into your marketing funnel. Better addresses target persona pain points. Ensures all team members are working toward the same goals. Aligns cross-channel messaging. Before showing you how to create a bullet-proof inbound marketing strategy and process, you’ll want to download these templates. You’ll receive a†¦ A keyword planning spreadsheet  to help drive better results for your inbound activities. A content audit guide  to help identify your content deficits. A content mapping template  to map your content to each funnel stage. A user persona worksheet  to help you target the right people. in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Materials homework assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Materials homework - Assignment Example Moreover, HMAC technology permits asphalt concrete to the range of 50 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit cooler compared to the PCC resulting to the reduction in terms of the temperature, which substantially decreases energy utilization at the mixing plant and consequently lessen greenhouse gas emissions during production. HMAC production concrete drastically decrease the quantity volatile organic compound emissions thus eradicating the smoke and odor related to the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth. HMAC production lowers production temperature that normally results to oxidation of the asphalt mix during the traditional hot-mix asphalt production process. This leaves efficient asphalt within the mix by aiding in the reduction of the aging impact of the asphalt. Aging impact results to brittleness and cracking. Moreover, HMAC possesses the potential for increased compaction over the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth, which aids in reducing potential damage to the streets due to the recurrent loading over period. Engineering wood is the best for building two stories house within the Oregon coast having sustainability goal. Oregon coast has higher humidity levels and the engineering wood is more suitable since it is more resistant to relatively higher moisture and steady. Engineering wood is also not susceptible to swelling due to alteration in temperature thus adding attractions within the basements or within the regions possessing relatively higher humidity levels. The wood also works efficiently under the floor heating systems due to its stability. Engineering wood normally has a thickness of 15mm hence offers greater stability and long-term usage. Natural finish of the building will consists of very board of multiple layers of the timber that bonded together. The underlying outermost of 4mm of engineering hardwood will act as an option to the solid

Friday, November 1, 2019

BA3-Inter-Professional Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

BA3-Inter-Professional Studies - Essay Example by members of different professions and/or agencies work together to provide integrated health and/or social care for the benefit of service users†(Barrett et al, 2005). Hence, such an agency collaborate the efforts of different professionals to build a safe zone, shelter and liveable environment for minority groups, underprivileged people or homeless population (due to immigration, family loss, orphanage or any other cause). The cause of such charitable organizations attracts my ethical, moral and social concerns. I personally feel motivated to work with them and make this world a better place to live for those who are not satisfied with their lives for being deprived of the basic human needs. I believe in equality, unbiased environment, equal human rights, needs and wants, grave diversity issues, anti-discrimination and legitimacy of human rights in the light of law and morality. Hence, I am a strong supporter of inter-professional work and agencies. I am going to explain my views about the charitable organizations and their duties and my personal experiences while working with Greater Manchester Immigration Aid Unit (GMIAU) during my placement. This agency, where I am on my placement is an Immigration Legal Aid Unit called GMIAU. I had to work on some cases that were referred to me. During the practical experience, I learned about organizational structure, running mechanisms and issues that arose while conducting the social work. There are many complexities that I observed which relate to equality in providing the charitable services to all the people who deserve them. I am going to discuss organizational structure of GMIAU, its issues related to culture and other issues that were there regarding equality and diversity. I received case referrals from the legal team- caseworkers, senior caseworkers and solicitors. The cases that were referred to me are related to social issues that service users need. The primary role is to empo wer the service user and help

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

OPM 300 MOD 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OPM 300 MOD 1 SLP - Essay Example Mc Donald’s is able to maintain its global power in due in great part to its ability to constantly modify and adapt its operations processes to the demands of its customers and of the social environment as well. One particular operations process that is constantly modified by Mc Donald’s to keep pace with increased competition and smarter, more demanding and less brand-loyal customers is the way it makes some of the items on its menu. One particular example was when Mc Donald’s considered switching to a hamburger bun that does not require toasting. Trial tests have shown that customers preferred the taste and texture of the untoasted hamburger bun (Gibson, 1995). More importantly, leaving the buns untoasted would translate into considerable cost savings resulting from reduced preparation time and the elimination of commercial toasting equipment. Considering that Mc Donald’s serves billions of buns for its hamburgers, chicken and fish sandwiches, this modif ication in one of their operations processes would rake in millions of dollars in savings for Mc Donald’s as well. This illustrates two very important aspects of operations which are customer satisfaction and competitiveness (Meredith & Shafer, 2007).

Monday, October 28, 2019

International Politics Essay Example for Free

International Politics Essay Transformation—is one of the few words which could be used in order to define and describe the current situation of the international community. In every parts of the world, transformation is currently occurring from the simple acquisition of one product to another. Such situation could be one of the few examples of the changes which are present in the current society. In the modern society, boundaries and limits had now been erased due to the technology including the issues facing most states in the global community. The past limitation of states in surpassing territorial boundaries of their own state is now removed. Such hindrances are not a concern any longer. The gaps in which divides states are now being linked therefore making each and everyone of us connected. The far away lands of Africa or Europe could now be reached through one click of a button. The then complicated processes of communication as well as the process of international relations had changed due to globalization. The process of globalization became a significant change in the relations of states. In addition, states are not only the actors in the international community. The active participation of non-state actors had been highlighted in the past events which had recently occurred such as wars, conflicts and environmental phenomenon. In the past such as the events of the World War I, nations were the only actors in the war. Decisions were only influenced by the leaders of the states involved. Although international organizations were present in providing aid to the victims of the war, they were not equally involved in the decision making process. But as these events unfold, it is evident that international organizations are similarly participating with the political issues at hand. In the principle of realism, the main actors were only states however; in the view of the liberalism theory, other actors such that of international organizations, trans-national organizations, multinational corporations and the likes. In the book of Baylis and Smith, the authors stated that in â€Å"Realists emphasize states’ ruthlessly self-interested search for territorial, military and economic resources† (Baylis and Smith, 2008). On the other hand, Liberalism or Idealism pursues to promote internationalism during the inter-war period (Baylis and Smith, 2008). The theory of liberalism’s main idea is to attach government together with good governance which will create a connection between states and the societies of the global community. Liberalism promotes the need for the world to unite and commune with the issues of the international community equally. However, unlike the liberalism, realists approach the view of internationalism is translated as anarchy. (Baylis and Smith, 2008) Evidently, the world is already shifting and adopting another form of ideology other than realism which was mainly utilized in the past. In the inter-war years, the liberalist theorists started to promote their perspective in which advocates that international institutions should encourage the values of having order, justice, liberty and toleration within the relationship of states. It was believed in such theory that the conflicts between states could not only be resolved through the use of force and warfare. International institutions or organizations much act as mediators when conflicts are at hand. In addition, such international institutions must be the area of discussion for the reason that it could create other actions in resolving disputes in a much objective manner. Therefore, the liberalists were able to influence every state in creating an international organization which lead to the creation of the League of Nations in which became the fundamental foundation of the United Nations. Although the ideas of the liberalists were idealistic, each state must be a member of the organization in order to fully accomplish and pursue the goals of the international organization. (Baylis and Smith, 2008) In our changing world, the past conflicts and issues of a state are realized to also be affecting the world. The recent war on terror had been actively participated by different states in order to deter the effects of terrorism. After the war on terror, many states changes their view point which such situations—following the chief state which proclaimed the war. The war on terror became a global issue due to the involvement of different states. Additionally, international organizations became a great factor in such war. The war in Afghanistan for example, the United Nations became one of the main decision maker and supporter of the war. The United Nations launched protocols and written agendas in order to promote action against the cruel ruling and the storage of the weapons of mass destruction of Saddam Hussein. In the incident given, the United Nations played a great role in encouraging and promoting in the issue against terrorism. United Nations became one of the main actors is countering against terrorism unlike in the past. (Bredel, 2003) Another issue which is currently in debate until this day is the issues concerning the global environment—climate change. This issue is one of the most controversial and debated issues because it is one of the problems of the world which passes the boundaries of states. Climate change not only affects the climate and the environment but also the politics and economics of each state. One of the few very specific problems under climate change is pollution. Pollution had been a great problem for different states for the reason that it encompasses the boundaries of states. It is known that most industries or factory excretes smoke which turns out to be air pollutants due to the machineries used to create products and the likes. Water pollution also has the same situation for the reason that it flows although out different forms of water and continuously flow to the water of other states. The problem obviously passes through the limitation of the international law and protocols available. The problem becomes a trans-national issue that requires states to cooperate and coordinate with each other in order to solve such crisis. With the issue of climate change, trans-national entities are the most reliable organizations in laying down such issues. Trans-national organizations provide states a much immediate and larger picture of the issue. Due to the personality of trans-national organization, different organizations that aim for the same goals as others come together to be able to solve the dilemmas at hand. With the issue of climate change, the main agent which is very much focused is the United Nations. The international organization created a branch which focuses on the issues of environment which is the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The branch of United Nations provides answer to the needs of each state in order to address the problem. The UNEP together with the states and other organizations with the same advocacy such as Green Peace and other local organizations with in the various states to be able to provide answer to the issue. The role of non-state actors and trans-national networks had become significant in the international community due to the promotion of international organization during crisis. The power given to non-state actors as well as trans-national networks enable these agencies to freely interfere with the conflicts of states and within states. Therefore, these groups provide their own view points, influencing states and individuals with their perspective. Most of the time, such organizations changes the civil society which then results to the change of the government. One example that could be cited is the pursuance of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) in Asia to promote change in the civil society, therefore promoting development within the society. It is stated by Harriet Bulkeley and Michele Merrill Betsill (2005) in their book that â€Å"the international, regional, national and local interact â€Å"with actors influencing the activities of different levels simultaneously† (cited in O’ Riordan and Jordan 1996). With the statement given by the authors, it is evident that the role of non-state actors as well as trans-national organization is equally important as the responsibility of states. Therefore, the international order is changed due to the additional actors that are also acting in the international community. Currently, the international community is evidently reliant to non-state actors as well as to the trans-national networks due to the important role that it is undertaking with conflicts and decision making processes of a state. Non-state actors and trans-national networks had become one of the main components of international relations whether it may be in conflict resolution or in times of celebration. Such groups empower and support positive ideology due to the idealistic nature of most non-state and trans-national networks. The usual â€Å"state-only† theory had now been changed into a new form of relations of states which brings together actors that has the same goals to attain making the relations of states peaceful. Although most non-state actors and trans-national networks aims to create a united international community, there are also groups alike that promotes otherwise. One well known group is the Al-Qaeda which seeks to promote terror and violence from the eyes of most states. Although Al-Qaeda is seen as an extremist group in promoting change, it is also considered a trans-national network for the reason that it encompasses the boundaries of its home state and promotes their ideology to the world. The group creates networks in different parts of the world while maintaining a balance relation with other networks associated to the group. Due to the negative effects they such trans-national network is creating; it definitely changes the order of the international community. Not only it brings terror to the whole global community but the group promotes division and conflict within the global society. (Pearlstein, 2004) In conclusion, the issues that the international community is facing are now crossing the boundaries of states such that of the terrorism and climate change. There is a need for states to get together and resolve such dilemma. Therefore, trans-national networks and non-state actors play a vital role in resolving such problems. The non-state and trans-national networks are the best area for the resolution of such conflicts because objectiveness within the situation is achieved. The international community sets the non-states actors and trans-national networks as the one of the numerous vital actors in the global community. The participation of such actors promotes the unity of the whole international community in times of crisis or triumph. References Baylis J. , Smith S. , Owens, P. Eds.(2008). The Globalization of World Politics: An introduction to International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press. Bredel, R. (2003). Long-term Conflict Prevention and Industrial Development: The United Nations and Its Specialized Agency, UNIDO. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Bulkeley, H. , and Betsill, M. M. (2005). Cities and Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge. Pearlstein, R. M. (2004). Fatal Future? : Transnational Terrorism and the New Global Disorder. Texas:University of Texas Press.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Tobacco Companies in Our Society Essay -- Smoking Cigarettes Tobacco E

Tobacco Companies in Our Society The tobacco industry seems like a beneficial addition to our economy. It has basically been a socially acceptable business in the past because it brings jobs to our people and tax money to the government to redistribute; but consider the cost of tobacco related treatment, mortality and disability- it exceeds the benefit to the producer by two hundred billion dollars US. (4) Tobacco is a very profitable industry determined to grow despite government loss or public health. Its history has demonstrated how money can blind morals like an addiction that is never satisfied. Past lawsuits were mostly unsuccessful because the juries blamed the smoker even though the definition of criminal negligence fits the industry’s acts perfectly. Some may argue for the industry in the name of free enterprise but since they have had such a clear understanding of the dangers of their product it changes the understanding of their business tactics and motives. The success of the industry has merely b een a reflection of its immoral practices. These practices have been observed through its use of the media in regards to children, the tests that used underage smokers, the use of revenue to avoid the law, the use of nicotine manipulation and the suppression of research. Tobacco companies have relied on the media to lure children. They quickly realized that ‘the company that dominates is that which most effectively targets young†(Imperial Tobacco document.) To counteract the idea of disease and other negative aspects of tobacco, the industry used imagery in the media such as natural settings and healthy actors doing active things. This helps them to insinuate that smoking leads to success, romance, sophistication and other advancements in their lifestyle, which was easily imprinted in the minds of children. A document found among Imperial tobacco files described their priority: â€Å"†¦having our imagery reach those non-reading young people who frequent malls should be our chief goal.†(1.170) Unaware of how important the under 18 market was to the industry, the government could only attempt to lengthen the distance between schools and billboards because they’re ineffective attempts were ignored by the large corporations . With many billboards concentrated in small areas it put the idea in children’s minds that smoking was socially acceptable and that t... ...ut throughout the past two decades, the realization of folly has called for a step in a new direction. For our society to finally rid ourselves of this parasite the change would have to be very slow; it would have to start with putting the entire industry in the hands of the government. In this way the corporation owners would truly be penalized while the product would be safer and the country would benefit from the profits. Marketing to children, testing underage smokers, using money to avoid the law, manipulating nicotine and suppressing research are among many of the immoral practices of the industry. Although they are very numerous and diverse they all share the same motive: to get rich. Money has become more important than compassion in the minds of the industry’s players. The success of the industry is merely a reflection of its immoral practices. Bibliography: 1.) Smoke and Mirrors: The Canadian Tobacco War 1996 Rob Cunningham 2.) Galen.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A)/mangina/report/exhibits.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B)/bw.html 3.) www.courts.gov.bc.ca/Jdb%2txt.html 4.) Smoking, The Artificial Passion; 1989 David Krogh 5.) http://www.tobaccopapers.org/DocofWeek-apr28.htm