Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Creole linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Creole linguistics - Essay ExampleAlthough there are still many debatable aspects their inclusion into the linguistic arena has motivated scholars to have closer inspections.Unlike languages such as Slavic and Germanic languages Creole languages are various beca make use of they have no common ancestor (Baptista 5). All the creole languages put in concert can never be traced to a particular language or group of languages but what is apparent is that there are traces of many different languages within the creoles of different regions. One of the observable features of creole is the use of the double ostracise or the subject as well as the verb in the negative. This double negative could be influenced by the Romance languages such as Spanish since this is grammatically incorrect in English. The Spanish, Yo no voy a ninguna parte, to Jamaican Creole, mi na go no wey, to the English, I am not waiver anywhere, is an example of this feature. This is used by the creole speaker to show e mphasis and assertiveness.A creole is a restrictive language. Scholars point out that they were developed for communication means. They therefore lack many of the linguistic structures undercoat in other languages. One of the features that point to this restriction is with regard to questions. The structure of the sentence is usually the akin as when one makes a statement. The only difference is in the intonation. This could be due to the absence of a written code for the language. A language that is only perpetuated orally will have reduced structures different from those languages that are written. For example, Guyanese Creole he gone, can both mean he is gone, or has he gone? One is just left to the mercy of the speakers intonation before universe able to decode the message. Apart from questioning there are other areas of creole languages that involves the intonation and randy involvement

Monday, April 29, 2019

The Importance of Health Insurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Importance of Health Insurance - Assignment ExampleIt is loose to apply as reimbursement provider.Conclusion. By implementing the required processing steps, the provider applicant can easily stress approval as the official medical examination nutrition therapy service provider. Proper coding helps operate all(a) medical nutrition therapy billings are reimbursed. Many health insurance providers offer 100 percent medical nutrition therapy reimbursements to diabetes mellitus patients. Evidently, Medicare and several insurance companies offer reimbursement of medical nutrition therapy.Reimbursement is information to dietetics professionals because they are confident their go can be paid quicker. By implementing the reimbursement steps, insurance companies or organizations can easily reimburse the patients and registered dietician service providers.Further, the project accusives include controling whether diabetes patients can avail of reimbursements for medical nutrition ther apy sessions. Another objective is to learn the importance of coding in the immediate release of reimbursements. A third objective is to learn the importance of health insurance in reducing the rehabilitation expenses of the diabetes mellitus patients.Furthermore, the MNT reimbursement requires the proper coding and billing to ensure quicker reimbursement processes. Each regulation 97803 equates to 15 minutes follow up MNT visit. Each Code 97804 equates to 30 minutes Group MNT visit. Telehealth Codes are used for real-time interactive and video communication activities. The ICD Codes annually updated diagnosis. Code 250.00 represents diabetes.Moreover, the diabetes mellitus medical condition occurs when the patient is diagnosed with a chronic lifetime ailment. The ailment indicates the patient loses the normal energy to maximize energy found in swallowed food. There are different types of the ailment.

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Survival strategy for Chinese immigrants in New York Research Paper

Survival strategy for Chinese immigrants in New York - investigate Paper ExampleI will follow the continued growth of Chinat experience and its divided two class society that formed the Chinese amalgamate Benevolent Association. I will discuss the ramifications of the Exclusion take on and the construction of the Chinese bachelor society. I will conclude with Ping Dongs novel of her captivate into the United States and the subterfuge she had to perpetuate in order to rejoin with her husband, following the lifting of the Exclusion and the entrance of War Brides after World War II. In the 1850s and 1860s, Chinese immigration began with arrival in the Port of New York, which was a passageway for westward expansion and the California Gold Rush. , Many men from China moved west to pan for gold and seek their fortune, but instead busted with infinitesimal success. Unemployed and unwanted, Chinese workers were hired for manual labor to build the railroads, cook and clean. When the railroads were completed, and jobs were more scarce, animosity readily developed between the yellow peril and the white workers. Enmity grew so much that racism became lawful the Workmans Party in California adopted the slogan, The Chinese Must Go. ... Most go forth their families behind, hoping to make a fortune in the gold mines and to send for them, not expecting the backlash of harsh immigration laws aimed directly at their population. Most were poor and uneducated and worked at odd jobs, laundry, cleaning, and household help. Most were unassimilated, staying deep down the confines of the biotic community for friendship and family, not easily conversant in English. As they were not allowed to get going naturalized citizens, nor were they allowed to bring their wives, they were mostly a bachelor society, with men outnumbering women 27 to 1 (Foner 145). The Chinese community was close-knit, in part due to enforced segregation from the white populace, but also to provide for individually other and for financial strength. It was common for a two room apartment to have 5-15 people, each with his own limited space. They slept in tri-tiered bunks, two or three to a bed (Burrows 1128). The Chinese looked to their own selves for self-support, they created a self-sustaining society with a government, social services, businesses, and jobs. In order to protect itself, the Chinese created the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, or the CCBA (McIllwain 215). It was through this association that one could buy a business, get a job, blueprint a funeral, or arrange for banking. This was self-governing and self-regulating for the Chinese community, a hierarchical system of courts at heart the community that also decided law and imposed taxes for the New York Chinese. Each section of Chinatown had representation through the Tongs. The Tongs collected the taxes and imposed the protection within the community. Chinese society was two tiered Uptowners, or the Elite, mainly comprised of investors and businessmen, and Downtowns, or the Workers, made

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Maths ans. to Two of the Big questions posed by the New Science [dated Article

Maths ans. to devil of the enormous questions posed by the New Science dated 18th November 2006 re creating an objective way of viewing the homo and a identity for - Article ExampleI remove just completed a septet year query project exploring the idea of using the natural symbolic / numerical properties of language to redo an objective technique for thinking about and viewing the initiation as a commonly experient and quantifiable reality. I feel that my research goes hand in hand in solving the Two of the Big Questions posited, What is Realty? by Penrose and What is Consciousness? by BroksMy proposed solutions to these questions along with appropriate quotes from the article sections are included. These responses home from my research and are presented first in statement form as feasible answers to these queries and second in tabular / mathematical form in the included Appendices.After a careful study of patterns deep down language, I formulated a concept that would relat e these patterns to SET theory, the fundamental concept in mathematics wherein all members have the same characteristics. My mathematical degree allows me to think objectively when relating seemingly subjective viewpoints of the world and reality.I believe that this mathematical approach to the perception of reality is the Holy Grail that Professor Penrose has been flavour for. He states, To address the nature of reality we need to understand its connection to consciousness and mathematics (38). Furthermore, We have to understand the connection between physical reality, conscious mentality and the wonderful world of mathematics (2). This mathematical approach is reflected throughout my research and my responses here are actually a small, but important, part of the good project.Can we be sure that the world we experience is not a figment of our imaginations? (Penrose 32). The supposition of my research states that it is possible to attain an objective, and thereby universal, way of perceiving the world / reality. Penrose goes on to ask, Should we not

Friday, April 26, 2019

Literature Critique Antibiotic Trials for Coronary Heart Disease Lab Report

Literature Critique Antibiotic Trials for coronary Heart Disease - Lab Report ExampleMyocardial Infection with Chlamydia) exertion performed on 302 patients with ACS and seropositive for C. pneumoniae was conducted in USA. The patients were randomized to placebo or azithromycin 500 mg/ day for leash days followed by 500mg/ week for three months. On the basis of the results of ACADEMIC trial in USA, Gupta etal designed a rent with 60 patients in UK. These patients were survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and elevated antibody titers against Chlamydia. Another trial called STAMINA (The South Thames trial of Antibiotics in Myocardial Infarction and unstable angina pectoris) (n=325) addressed both(prenominal) C.pneumoniae and H.pylori . Multiple drug therapy using amoxicillin (500mg/day) for H.pylori and azithromycin(500mg/day) for C.pneumoniae . both combined with metronidazole (400 mg twice a day )and omeperazole( 20mg twice a day )was administered to the patients. take over up of this trial extended for one year. There were two more large and intermediate sizing trials made with randomized patient groups of ACS viz. AZACS and CLARIFY. AZACS (Azithromycin in acute coronary syndrome) This trial involved 1450 patients in Los Angeles and this trial recruited patients regardless of their serostatus for Chlamydia infection. treatment with azithromycin.was given for 5-days and duration of follow up was 6-months. Another trial CLARIFY (Clarithromycin in Acute Coronary syndrome patients in Finland) also studied the effect of antibiotic therapy on the secondary prevention of ACS on 148 patients. The patient selection criteria was subjects with acute non-Q-wave MI or unstable angina . These patients were randomized to blinded therapy with all clarithromycin or placebo for three months. The primary endpoint was composite of death, MI, or unstable...(Anderson & Muhlestein, 2004) coronary artery disease is a disease of epidemic proportions in the western worl d. Hence a lot of studies have been order towards this disease till date. Small pilot studies conducted showed a strong association of C. pneuminiae IgG antibody with clinical atherosclerosis. Morever, fauna studies have demonstrated the ability of active infection with C. pneumoniae to stimulate or accelerate, and antibiotics to prevent, atherosclerosis ( Anderson & Muhlestein, 2004).and seropositivity to C.pneumoniae and randomized them to recive either placebo or 3 months of treatment with azithromycin (600mg/week).The primary endpoint was a composite of death, MI, hospitalization for unstable angina or need for repeat revascularization at 3 years. ANTIBIO (Antibiotic therapy after Acute Myocardial Infarction) trials examined treatment with roxithromycin (a macrolide antibiotic) versus placebo for 6 weeks in 872 patients with acute MI. In this case the study end point was death. The ISAR-3 (Intracoronary Stenting and Antibiotic Regimen 3) study investigated roxithromycin, an ef fective anti-chlamydia macrolide for the prevention of restonosis after coronary stent deployment.

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Public policy on public houses; a look in to influencing factors on Essay

Public policy on open houses a look in to influencing factors on attitudes of orgy inebriation 18-24 yr olds - Essay Exampleinvolve consuming about half the every week dose of alcohol in a bingle drinking session and those who indulge in female chest drinking perceive consuming large amounts of alcohol as being beneficial for them. The reasons for binge drinking are complex, but are associated with stress, uncertainty, peer pressures and low self - esteem experienced by new(a) adults as they gradually assume adult responsibilities. Those youthful adults who indulge in binge drinking episodes may be new to drinking in groups, but they do have an ability to say no and hence are not addicted to alcohol. However, these young adults want to form bonds and get rid of stress, mentation that alcohol can help them with a quick fix, thanks to the unethical marketing campaigns of the 1980s in which United Kingdom and European brewers tried to retain their sagging markets by focusing o n the younger generation. This dissertation attempts to identify the influencing factors associated with attitudes of binge drinking which can have an impact on marketing for educating the public and designing interventions for positively influencing young adults.Binge drinking has attracted much attention in recent years, not only in the United Kingdom, but also in many other countries that have a predominantly Anglo Saxon culture (MCM Research, 2004, Pp. 2 5). Although several definitions of binge drinking have been presented in writings (Oei, 2004, Pp. 160), (MCM Research, 2004, Pp. 2 5) and (Alcohol Concern, 2003, Pp. 1), the phenomenon usually refers to the consuming of half the recommended weekly dose of alcohol in a single drinking session and this translates to consuming about five servings of alcoholic beverages in rapid succession (Norman, 1998, Pp. 168). The phenomenon of binge drinking usually translates into scenes involving young people of both sexes struggling al ong on public streets, young men and women being noisily sick on the streets at late hours, fights and brawls of the most barbarous point of reference

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Performance Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

action Management Assignment - Essay Examplenumber of studies hve suggested tht, pull up stakesd the design nd implementtion of PM re pproprite, it hs the potentil to ffect employee ttitudes in wy tht mkes significnt nd positive contribution to compny performnce. Current pper pper provides criticl nlysis of orgniztionl system of performnce mngement bsing on the findings retrieved nd mterils vilble. I first provide theoreticl overview of the term of performnce mngement, then reserch its ppliction to subsidiry compny, finlly comment on chnges of performnce mngement tht re supposedly needed to be implemented into orgniztionl ctivity.The flavour performnce mngement ppered in the lte 1980s nd cn be regrded s n extension of performnce pprisl-- prctice used to evlute n individul employees pst performnce. Tody, however, performnce pprisl is considered s one of severl key elements of PM, the others being the communiction of compny strtegy through individul objective setting, links to trini ng nd development plnning, nd perchance compenstion (Brlow, 2001501). Despite the fct tht much of the reserch hs been performed within the U.S. context, little reserch hs been crried out on PM in interntionl settings nd blush less so in MCMC subsidiries operting in diverse cultures.This derth of reserch mens tht we know little bout the effects of PM on job stisfction mong employees in MCMC where the mjority of the work force re of host-country ntionlity, nd where the host-countrys culture my differ substntilly from tht of the MCMCs kinsperson country. Moreover, our limited knowledge of the impct of PM on job stisfction is indictive of the pucity of reserch concerning the ttitudes of host-country employees nd especilly of nonmngeril employees in MCMC. It is well known tht employees with negtive ttitudes re likely to perform poorly, cuse disruptions in opertions, nd eventully jeoprdize the vibility of the orgniztion. Furthermore, it hs been documented tht job stisfction is relted t o turnover. s Mendonc nd Knungo (2004) hve noted, job stisfction nd turnover re incresing chllenges for MCMC operting in developing countries, whose lbor mrket lcks mngeril nd technicl tlent. Vrious spects of PM hve been studied in both the interntionl nd comprtive contexts. For instnce, scholrs hve ddressed such issues s the impct of ntionl culture on mngement by objectives, differences in mngement style nd performnce pprisl in the unite Sttes, Indonesi, Thilnd, nd Mlysi (Zhu, Dowling, 19942), nd ntionl culture nd its impct on PM/performnce pprisl in Hong Kong, Tiwn, Singpore, Gret Britin, Jpn, Kore, the United Sttes, Mlysi, the Philippines, Indi, nd Chin. The mjority of these studies, especilly the ones with comprtive ttitudinl dt, hve provided record tht culturl differences influence elements of PM nd tht the trnsferbility of PM between countries cnnot be ssumed. However, little interntionl nd comprtive reserch hs exmined ctul effects of PM per se on host-country employees. Con sequently, while we know tht MCMCs usually dopt stndrdized PM policies nd prctices t both their inhabitancy country nd in overses subsidiries, we do not know wht effect such stndrdized PM hs on host-country employees. The effects of PM hve received greter ttention in domestic settings, but even there the reserch is limited. Most studies hve commonly concentrted on

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Training and Development in Acquiring Work-related Skills Essay

Training and Development in Acquiring Work-related Skills - Essay ExampleYou might not immediately be able to put great new emphasis on whole-person learning. existence realistic, corporate attitudes and expectations about what information is and does cannot be heightend overnight, and most organizations still see training as being limited to workplace skills, classrooms, and powerpoint presentations. However, if you start imagining and thinking and talking about concepts and expressions such asThere are mevery antithetic training and development methods. ... g, technical training, behavioral development training, role-playing and role-play games and exercises, attitudinal training and development, accredited training and study, distance learning - all part of the training menu, available to use and apply according to individual training require and organizational training needs.Training is also available far beyond and outside the classroom. More importantly, training - or learning, to look at it from the trainees view - is anything offering learning and developmental experience. Training and learning development includes aspects such as ethics and morality attitude and behavior leadership and determination, as well as skills and knowledge.Development isnt restricted to training - its anything that helps a person to grow, inability, skills, confidence, tolerance, commitment, initiative, interpersonal skills, understanding, self-control, motivation and more. If you consider the attributes of really efficient people, be they leaders, managers, operators, technicians any role at all, the important qualities which make good performers special are possible to be attitudinal. Skills and knowledge, and the processes available to people are no great advantage. What makes people effective and valuable to any organization is their attitude. Attitude includes qualities that require different training and learning methods. Attitude stems from a persons mindset, belief system, mad maturity, self-confidence, and experience. These are the greatest training and development challenges faced, and there are better ways of achieving this sort of change and development than putting people in a classroom, or indeed by delivering most sorts of courtly business or skills training, which people see as a chore.

Embedded Journalism and War Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Embedded Journalism and War Reporting - rise ExampleFor example, in the situation of war, reporters may cause harm to the fighting forces by disclosing details regarding their localisation of function or by becoming a distraction for the fighting forces. The following paper evaluates the question whether reporters should be embedded alongside fighting forces. Ethics of Journalism and War Reporting The question whether something is ethical or not is gaining much and more popularity these days. With the advent of social media, people have access to so ropes detail regarding the circumstances of the world. The journalists who are active through social media look to provide all the pincer details to their followers notwithstanding the ethical aspect of such information. The line between what is professional journalism and what is not is getting thinner e genuinely day with even the close unnecessary reports being presented to the media consumers. Journalists seem to forget the et hical aspects of journalism when they report about someones personal issue. There are numerous websites that provide real sentence tonics and most of those are run by conjectural organizations with genuine news sources. However, there are certain websites that wrongly use the freedom provided by the net profit and they violate the ethical standards associated with the profession of journalism. The main role of the journalists is to provide the true facts and to help build new knowledge through imparting new information. However, there have been certain instances where misreporting has been done due to lose of credible news sources. This has often been observed in the case of war reporting. Due to lack of time and rigid deadlines, journalists usually rely on information provided by the authorities with access to the war district and in such circumstances, whether the information is accurate cannot be completely assessed. There are a lot of ethical considerations related to war reporting as even the most minor misreporting may pull in dangerous circumstances. The dilemma associated with this situation is that, if journalists are embedded to the fighting forces, they may give out more information that what is necessary and in such circumstances, violation of ethical considerations may result in disadvantageous circumstances for both the journalists and the fighting forces. One of the most important ethical considerations to take into account mend reporting the incidents during war is reporting that is free from any sort of diverge. It has been observed that the journalists impart information that is all the way biased. The true facts are kept from the media consumers and they are provided a modified picture of the actual scenario. This is one of the most violated ethical considerations related to war reporting. Such reporting of modified facts can also correct the situation of war because the opposing forces may be enraged by such acts of the journali sts and any chances of compromise will be dimmed. In such a scenario, the integrity of the profession of journalism comes into question. Any acts of bias by the journalists may impact the overall profession of journalism. Therefore the question of ethical considerations takes a very serious turn with regard to war reporting. Journalists need to be sure that the information being imparted is critical and accurate and it does not disclose any confidential information. Journalists must also ensure that the sources from which the information is

Monday, April 22, 2019

Supply Chain Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supply Chain Development - Essay ExampleThe lend management handles all these activities in addition to coordination of all the partners in the tot chain channel. As the world advances and more goods and services atomic number 18 being demanded by the ever increasing population in the whole world, there is need to effectuate up systems that are both efficient and effective to aid in this conversion of products and consequent generate to the final consumer. The body structure supply chain is one of the local supply chains it involves the design and aspect of building structures.Numerous supply chains all around the world have been developed to ply for the needs of the consumers in that chain. The world is under a great threat due to effects of environsal degradation that has lead to numerous negative effects such as global warming, climatic change, deforestations and desertification, opposite ice melting, loss in the scenic beauty of the landscape, increase of tropical and o ther diseases, creation of immense dumping sites that lead to air, water and land pollution affecting the human, plant and animal life in general. Due to this pollution the human population is under threat. There is need to diversify and intensify both or all activity geared to reversing these hazardous effects.According to Friedman (2008), there is need for greening supply chains. This has been brought about by increased media attention additional regulation and research by the scientific company showing that human activity directly influence the climatic changes. These human activities are the core business in supply chains. Some of the ways of improving the supply chain includeMaximizing the usage of materials and machines The material and machines form the core of every supply chain. Raw material are employd just about everywhere. In construction various raw material and machines are used to design and construct distinguishable structures to be used by various entreprene urs running the supply chains. All waste must be reduced by improving the construction material utilization, there is great need to evaluate every material be used in the supply chain construction and evaluate its importance, its effects to the environment and the by product or the waste. For example if charge card bags are used to pack different construction materials e.g. cement, Then within a short periods the whole environment will be littered with plastic bags, proper material utilization not only lead to reduction of environmental degradation besides also lead to increased profit margin by the construction company.Machine persuasiveness The effectiveness of various machines to convert goods/raw materials to finished product also affects the supply chain. Effective machines lead to great efficiency in conversion of goods to finished product. Different construction materials undergo transformation before be used in design and construction. Because these materials are used in large quantities, there is need to use machines that will reduce any wastes as the waste generated by these processes generally effect the environment in the long run.Technological advancement Embracing technological changes is another method of championing improvement in the supply

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Macro economics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Macro economics - Coursework ExampleFor instance, this will help climb the manufacturing sector which has faced competition from other countries such as china and the United States. One of the major benefits of the change magnitude growth in exports is reduction in unemployment. Many individuals will be in a position to find jobs in most sectors in the economy due to increased demand of goods and services. Sectors that allow been dormant for many years will be revived as a result of increased exports.By increasing exports, the UK will ensure that the cost of these exports is substantially reduced and the quality is enhanced. For example, The UK can grasp to reduce the cost of its exports by reducing the wages. When this happens, the UK will become attractive to other countries, and this will campaign to more exports. In addition, by increasing the exports and making them cheaper and of higher quality, the UK will ensure that the population buys local products as opposed to rel ying on imports. The increase in domestic demand is important for economic growth. improver in exports will also make the UK currency more valuable compared to other countries in the spheric economy. If the UK is importing more than exporting, it simply means that it selling its currency in order to buy the contrasted currency so that it can import the goods and services. This has the effect of making the exports more expensive and making the imports cheap. In the end, domestic buyers will be encouraged to buy from outside markets. However, when exports are made cheaper, the currency becomes strong, making the UK competitive in the global market. Local manufacturers and service providers are therefore likely to find oversea markets when the currency is strong.Finally, increases in exports and reduction in imports will have a major effective on innovation and creativity. Local firms and individuals will be encouraged to enhance the quality of existing

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Lewis Carroll's Photographs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Lewis Carrolls Photographs - Research Paper ExampleFor nearly artists and writers in this era, the child was nothing more than a shadow of the adult. This ultimately meant that rather than being represent as they were, they were instead portrayed as adults wanted them to be portrayed.Carroll embraced this theme of the child as a shadow of humanity in his photographs in order to draw attention to how misconceived children were by adults, particularly employ the real children that he met in his life. Lewis Carroll sought to sharpen children as adult shadows, the childrens identity as being shadowed by the adults, as well as the shadows that the children cast. Therefore, this paper will seek to show how Lewis Carroll used children in his photographs to show their innocence and the misconceptions that adults oftentimes had about them.Lewis Carroll exemplified how misconceived children were by undressing them or dressing them with a creation of what he perceived to be his avow shado w of being a child. acknowledge as a leading amateur and child photographer during the Victorian era, Carroll used the photographs he took to squeeze out reality. Because photography in this period was a relatively new phenomenon, Lewis Carroll took it as a means of authorship by using light with his most preferred photographic subject being the child as shown in the photographs above. This was obviously something of a new and dynamic approach. At least sixty percent of altogether his known photographs were of children. At the time, photography was taken as the only art form that could accurately drop off true reality. Carrol then took this representation of reality and created a reverse textual matter for the discussion of children. This reverse text helped to falsify how real a photograph could be. In various photographs, rather than giving the audience his own view of who a child should be, Carroll came up with the composition an adult would have a child.

Friday, April 19, 2019

Encouraging Career Exploration among Adolescents Essay

Encouraging Career Exploration among Adolescents - Essay ExampleAdolescent shape up varies depending on gender, with girls experiencing it at an earlier age than boys. It is the age where risk behaviors appear through experimentation among the youths. During the experience, two sexes get a ray of decisions and pressure from all the sides interfering with their excerpts. Based on this regards, various factors mask career exploration among the teenaged. To start, career choices remain guided by the nature of jobs in the later life. When young, children go to make decisions on future jobs depending on inspiration from their surroundings. This, however, changes during the adolescent peg where mess often direct for ideal jobs. This gets influenced by economic and social contextual factors forcing them to occupy new occupational paths (Nilsson, Schmidt, & Meek, 2002). The remarked transition fit in to psychological expert Doctor Bandura is because of new perceptions brought by ra nging choices caused by many factors. This is the stage where many people feel they want to do more than expected hence engaging in things which go against societal expectations. They filter jobs to come up with the ideal jobs they want to shape their careers based on job nicety (Hobbs & Stoops, 2002). Career decision making is a process that should be completed right from high schooling however, the adolescent stage calls for a revision showing career immaturity. Consequently, the inability to make decisions also contri merelyes to deplorable career choice during the adolescent stage. This is because many people in the adolescent stage feel they pick up the whole world in front of them. Settling on careers, therefore, remains a difficult natural process which requires guidance (Gardner & Steinberg, 2005). Subsequently, migration plays an influential factor in adolescent career decision making. For instance, out-migration of rural adults creates a function of ruralist hence creat ing a feeling of limited job opportunities. Students in the adolescent stage found in rural areas, therefore, have problems making career choices for fear of job insecurity. The conflicting dilemma experienced by the rural youths is faced by adolescent youths, with many youths unable to judge the loss between urban employment and rural places. In this regard, youths tend to make career decisions which see urban employment guided by high income and more opportunities (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 2002). Adolescent youths, for instance, argue rural jobs pay peanuts, and so they make the wrong decision of moving to towns while, in the real sense, urban employment pays high but is accompanied with many expenses. Apart from decisions based on rural or urban locations, career choice among the adolescent also faces other barriers. This includes making as well as financial obstacles. For instance, many adolescent youths hope for grandiose dreams with some wishing to be doctors while some hoe t o be engineers (Gardner & Steinberg, 2005). In as much as these are possible, many youths in the adolescent ages fail to acquire the qualification for such careers.

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Causes of a Problem of Haier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Causes of a Problem of Haier - Essay ExampleThese systems were very successful regarding the Chinese culture of management but since the companionship wants to increase its global installed base there is a question on how it is going to achieve it by following the aforementioned(prenominal) human resource management practices. These atomic number 18 the following increase of employee internal arguing by implementing an internal ranking of employees. Employees are judged by all performance dimensions and they have to complete their tasks the same day and have continuous self-assessments. Each employee is almost an independent profit center so entrepreneurship is developed. Managers are also continuously appraised like employees and both are given chances to improve their performance by providing luxuriant training. A talent pool inside the company is also created. Haier has followed a product diversification system i.e. it has expanded to 86 different product categories. It is d oubtful if Haier can pursue the same following schema since product expansion requires heavy coronation. Then the second part of its strategy was product innovation to box markets i.e. developing products for specific market segments. Under careful consideration, this is a strategy that can be chased at the current moment. globalization which is the third component of the strategy is expanding to other countries in all aspects i.e. production, alliances and so forth Globalization can also be limited for the time being since it requires heavy financial investment when it comes to building new factory sites that can be quite risky at this period of time. Globalization demands also understanding foreign cultures so it requires further research on this issue. The fourth component was marketing initiatives that emphasized product quality and market research.

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

CURRENT ISSUES IN FINANCIAL REPORTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CURRENT ISSUES IN FINANCIAL inform - Essay ExampleThe amendments are intended to clarify what bath be designated as a hedged item in a hedge accounting relationship. The vulnerability draft specifies the risks that qualify for designation as hedged risks when an entity hedges its exposure to a financial instrument. In addition, it clarifies when an entity may designate a portion of the bills flows of a financial instrument as a hedged item. Whether a hedge relationship can be designated in this way depends upon whether it is possible to designate as a hedged item a portion of the forecast cash flows that is equivalent to a theoretical sold option embedded in the hedged item. The exposure draft explains how this can be done. In July 2007, the International Financial Reporting Interpretations deputation (IFRIC) issued Interpretation 1 4, IAS 19-The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset Minimum financing Requirements and Their Interaction, which addressed specify benefit pension asse ts and their minimum funding requirements. Exposure Draft has resolved numerous issues of financial reporting which are discussed belowThis proposal provides guidance for valuing assets and liabilities that are required to be careful at fair value on a lower floor other pronouncements. The ultimate goal of the fair-value project is to improve comparability, consistency, and dependability of fair-value measurements by creating a model that can be broadly applied to financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. The framework would as well as remove policies that disagree with SEC guidelines for investment funds, and clarify the use of fair-value measurements in other authoritative pronouncements. The exposure draft would not replace, but instead would expand upon, current disclosures relating to the use of fair-value measurements for assets and liabilities. Disclosures would include information virtually fair-value amounts, how they are rigid, and the effect of any remeas urement on earnings, including unrealized gains and losses (Aldridge, 1997).Tax uncertaintiesOnce it is determined that a benefit for a revenue enhancement position may be recognized, the amount must be determined based on the best estimate of the amount that will be sustained. The best estimate is defined as the single most likely amount in a range of possible estimated amounts. For example, if a company believes that its position would be sustained on litigation, but typically settles with the taxing jurisdiction to stay off the expense and hazards of litigation, it would record the most likely settlement amount as the benefit. Fundamentally, the proposal entails that a tax position recognized on the tax return be probable of being sustained under audit prior to recognition in the financial statements, and the company must presume that the taxing government activity will review it. In order to derecognize, it must be more likely than not (Glanville, 2004). origin enterprise Co mbinationExposure draft gives some recommendation to avoid any issues, which may arise during business combination, which are1. All business combinat

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

The Highest Breed Essay Example for Free

The Highest Breed EssayHow would you like to own a railroad car that can run and convey you on the road for ten minutes without the locomotive engine turned on? (Gold, 2006) No, it wont be on neutral and without speed control you simply have to be on a Toyota loanblend vehicle. This is because when the car isnt using its gasoline engine, such as when you ar in bumper to bumper traffic or coasting downhill, it shuts the engine off automatically. Isnt that neat? That performer that you argon not burning gas (and your hard-earned money with it) as lots as you would have on a conventional car. When you are not burning gas, you also are serveing to preserve the earth from global warming. You might want to join the thousands of people who are already seeing the importance of clean air and financial savings just by effort a cool car. Today, I take it upon myself to show you why Toyota Hybrid vehicles, especially the Prius, are the despotic choices for economical and environme ntal reasons, especially when compared to conventional gasoline-powered cars and other intercrossed brands. Global warming is a very urgent issue because it affects the survival of every creature on earth.Global warming happens when ampere-second and methane gases are excessive and form a sort of force field in the atmosphere. (Mendoza, 2005) This additional layer of smogginess blocks the heat from the earth from escaping the atmosphere and thereby causes the unnecessary warming which can alter natural brave cycles, etc. How can individuals like us help maintain clean air without sacrificing too much time, effort, and comfort? The answer lies within Toyota Hybrid vehicles. Toyota has been a pioneer in making environmentalists dreams come true(p) on the road to zero emissions by coming out with the first mass-produced hybrid car in 1997 the Prius.In eight years, the Prius has already sold 1,000,000 cars and is 9th best selling car in the US for 2007. (Vlasic, 2008) The Prius is a vehicle run by a battery still has an electric motor and a petrol-powered engine. This means that during stop lights and downhill stretches, the car is simply run by the battery and will barely use gas upon the need for higher speed. Ergo, approximately 3. 5 million fewer tons of carbon dioxide had been saved by these cars in the short span of time. (Mendoza) This not only means less befoulment but also less need to buy gas.When it comes to fuel efficiency, the Prius is also above its competitors. Compared to a Honda civic Hybrid which goes about 42 miles per gallon (MPG), for example, the Prius can take the distance to 47 MPG. This means that if you earn $1007 worth of gas on a Civic, you will only be spending $902 on a Prius. This is even more dramatic when compared to the $1650 you would have spent on an ordinary gas-powered car. (Comparison Chart, 2007) Other hybrid models like the Camry and Highlander are also gaining popularity in the market.The Camry is not as fuel ef ficient as the Prius but is known for its Plasmacluster ionizer which filters micro dust and pollen so you can have clean air inside and outdoors of the car. The Camrys battery is also good for 8 years compared to Honda Altimas 5 years which means it can run longer by about 40,000 miles. The Highlander, on the other hand, is incomparable to the sedans because it is much for the most part built and therefore requires more power. However, it is preferable to the other hybrid midsize SUVs because of its 241 horsepower compared to the others which can only go up to 208 hp.Toyota, as anyone can see, has been a good pioneer and maintains to be the best in the hybrid industry. Toyota hybrids are above par in fuel efficiency, cost of maintenance, speed, comfort and cleanliness with regards to its emissions. Every responsible citizen who wants to help maintain economic and environmental balance simply has to own onedont you depend so too? If you are thinking of getting a new car or is at least concerned in keeping the earth in proper temperature, please do bring Toyota hybrid vehicles. Trust me, you wont regret it.

Accountability, Responsibility and Respect Essay Example for Free

duty, Responsibility and Respect Essay running play Head Account energy, Respresponsibility, and Respect 3 Essay on Accountability, Responsibility, and RespectAmong military members and civilians alike, there are personalised qualities that determine how you act professionally and also how you act in your personal life. These qualities also determine how former(a) people view you and judge your abilities in both aspects previously stated.In the military, certain qualities are oddly prudent because of the nature of the work we complete, and the monetary value of the equipment that we work with. According to Eagle1 Fox2 (2008) Our organization is 1,394,311 soldiers strong, and in coordinate to keep order and, discipline, key values are instilled into us from the day we start our careers, in raw material training. Among these values, i am writing ab bring out 3 in particular Accountability, Reponsibility and Respect.See more experimentation on polytropic process EssayThe Value of accountability can be applied to all facets of life. Dictionary.com (2012) defines Accountability as The Quality or state of being accountable especially an obligation or willingness to simulate responsibility or to account for ones actions.The military uses the word Acccountability with a broader definition. Being accountable gives your command the ability to trust you with tasks and equipment. It also provides them with an accurate idea of where you are at, at all times. If all soldiers were accountable, the military would run low at a much higher performance level. Time for orders to be given, and time it takes for the orders to be carried out would drop. Allowing the military to free resources and also cut monetary spending. Leading to a more productive and cheaper military.

Monday, April 15, 2019

Designer Babies Essay Example for Free

Designer Babies Es vocaliseIn this modern society, human thought atomic number 18 growing widely resulting the huge development of generative technologies in our life. Designer babies atomic number 18 created for elimination of lethal diseases and as well as genic enhancement. Today, this engineering has been established as an acceptable practice in removing diseases only. However, when it comes to genetic enhancements, good issues happen in the aspects of individuals, society and religions.According to Johnson (2009), designer flub is defined as the baby whose genetic all(prenominal)y makeup has been artificially selected through In-vitro Fertilization to ensure the presence and absence of particular genes or characteristic. Johnson (2009) as well as claimed that genetic masking can reduce the babys chances of getting several diseases like rase syndrome.According to Brownlee (2002), in the mid-1990s, an embryologist named Jacques Cohen created a promising new techniq ue, cytoplasmic transfer for financial aiding infertile women to commence electric s take uprren. In early 2003, he reported the first alteration in the human genome. Cohen (2003) has created the first bioengineered baby who has three genetic parents which are mother, father, and mtDNA donor and they claimed that as The first case of human inheritable genetic modification resulting in normal, healthy minorren.According to Adnan (2010), designer babies are made in in-vitro fertilization with certain steps. Firstly, the muliebrity hormones are taken to boost the production of egg. The cleaning womans egg is hence removed from the ovary with the help of a special pick turn outle. The egg is fertilized and is allowed to grow into an embryo for 2 days. Scientists then screen for genes which have the guess of illness in life like Alzheimers, Cystic fibrosis and Downs syndrome. The DNA copies are scarper through by using a sequencing machine. If the genetic disorder appears, th ose defected genes can be replaced with the healthy genes in a process called germ line therapy. Besides, scientists are able to determine the sex of the child. This is possible because woman contains only X chromo fews and man has one X and one Y chromosome. So the sex of the child can be determined by XY chromosomes.According to Tesia (2009), parents are the people who call for designer baby, especially those who have an unhealthy embryo affected by deadly diseases. This is a relief to these parents as they need not to be burdened up by the expensive fees for the endless treatments that their child has to undergo of choosing by the designer baby. They choose to have a designer baby as it can avoid all the pain that they have to bear seeing their child undergoing endless suffering treatments. Designer baby similarly prevent their child from having a preventable disease and this willing definitely relieve those parents from the financial, emotional and sensual burden.Agar (2006) claimed that pre-implantation genetic diagnosis PGD is not entirely risk-free as during the process of PGD. Two cells are removed from the octet cells embryo and this whitethorn affect the growth of the embryo, whereas defenders of PGD respond that the cells of eight-cell embryos are totipotent, this mean that the eight cells embryo is still able to form all cells of the human body although two cells is removed from it. This technology has been used for a very long time, hence it is too early to say that who is certainly full in this argument.In an article written by Naik (2009), he stated that in a 2009 U.S. survey, a total of 999 people sought for genetic counseling. Most of people supported prenatal genetic tests for the remotion of serious diseases. Besides, according to the survey conducted by researchers at the New York University School of Medicine, some respondents said they would want genetic testing for athletic ability, some voted for improved height and some voted for great intelligence.According to Dvorsky(2009), an fantabulous transhumanist bioethicist, he stated that an anti-genetic modification collectible to enhancement occurred in our society. A majority were replying the survey carried out by NYU Langone Medical Center due to their background condition. Their thinking was believed from an ethical perspective. Supporting the idea of genetic modification, Dvorsky(2009) said that endowing our children with good genes in order to endow them an enriched and fulfilling life. With new genetics, parents dreams may finally be achieved as they endlessly want the best for their children.According to Anissimov(2009), many people refuse to accept PGD and other reproductive technologies because they think that it is unnatural. From the Transhumanist FAQ, a summary from transhumanists response stated that in many cases, in that respect are some practical reasons for depending on natural processes. The main point is that human cannot decide whether s omething is good or big(a) by its nature. Not every natural things are good such as starvation, polio, and being eaten breathing by intestinal parasites whereas some bad unnatural things are car accidents and nuclear war.However, Yin (2005) notes that from a childs point of view, parents place the genetic enhancements upon him or her may threaten the freedom of action. The childs achievement in life is not fully determined by his or her own efforts, moreover from parental decisions. This might result in unwillingness of the child to accept responsibilities.Besides, Yin (2005) overly states that some gibe genetic engineering because it will not only deepen current class divisions, but also create a new division. Due to religious and other personal reasons, many people will refuse to accept gene therapy even if the enhancements are made free because it causes the economic gap amid those can afford the technology and cannot afford deepen as time progresses. Some of them reject it due to its expensive paid and lack of efficacy.According to Adnan (2010), the designer baby will raise conflict among individuals. This is because they dramatise that the rich will always be more beneficial compared to the poor. They propose that the rich will have more opportunities to take the advantages of the modern technology resulting the rich man baby (designer baby) will born perfect, intellectual and healthier compared to the poor baby. Though this technology can advance the personalities and intelligence, but it will be costly and will create a gap between the individuals.McIlwaine (2006) claimed that some leading philosophers will argue that a person must have capacity for memorable experiences, for communicating with others and for having preferences about continued life, or mortal who is capable of treasuring their own life. With these points of view, these obviously show that they do not accept an embryo, or a fetus can be a person. For those who believe that hum an life only comes with self-valuation, testing on embryos and the screening of the right genetic make-up is a perfectly ethical procedure, for those embryos that are discarded are not people. So, there is no wrong in moral. However, this raises serious issues about other human beings who may by this definition, not be people including the new born babies with brain abnormalities and injuries.According to McIlwaine (2006), designer babies also lead to ethical issues in religion too. This is due to different religions will have their own points of view. Christians say that the life begins at conception. It is clearly stated in Bible Before you were in the womb I knew you, to begin with you were born, I set you apart. This means that God chose each person even before the moment of implantation, however some are less certain. According to Malpani (2009), in Judaism, donor insemination is banned and a child is considered as the generation of the biological father. Artificial inseminati on using husbands sperm and IVF are accepted when there is necessary to cure the illness of infertility.From the research done, designer babies have arisen many ethical issues in the aspects of individuals, religions and society. Parents always hope to give the best for their children. With this advanced technology, some parents will take advantage on it to give their children the perfect lives. This will indirectly cause the narrowing of divisions in our society which is from social to ethical and then to economical. The rich families are usually genetically better endowed than the poor families and their jobs always come with eminent income compared to the poor one. As for the religious aspect, Christians note that personhood begins at conception, the moment an ovum is fertilized. However, there is variation in explaining the Bible and not everyone believe in it. Some doubt about this because if the number of lost fertilized ovum disobey this point of view, then how could the God stop the existence of some people in this man without any reason?

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Supply chain Essay Example for Free

Supply arrange EssayIn a production business the run mountain range is one of the most crucial components to ensure smooth operation. In the sell and FMCG industry, the business is only nearly an excellent supply chain. The quality of the product is actually secondary. yet the concept is now also relevant for software industry as well, because now softwares are outsourced and delivery is also crucial.But how do we identify whether the supply chain is performing optimally. For a production line, the effect will be immediately evident from the hourly production rate. A minor change or alteration in the supply chain, will affect the entire production line. The rate per hour will get hampered and the action will get slowed down. In this situation one needs to identify the point where the supply chain is getting hampered. Once it is done, the job is to streamline it and bring it to its optimal efficiency by SWOT (Strength, Weakness, fortune and Threat) analysis.This will als o reduce the cost and time will be saved. However, for a FMCG or retail sector, the identification is not immediate, because buffer stocks are kept. Hence, the dearth or the inefficiency is not easily identified. When you feel the shortage or overage of stocks you can understand the scenario that the supply chain is not functioning properly. Another observe indicator is the reduction in sales figure.The sales will take a hit, if the goods does not arrive at the right time, stocks are few and the demand is either not getting fulfilled or the supply is more than the demand. In this scenario the best option or rectification is to shift to JIT concept of supply cycle. This JIT (Just in Time) concept is very effective, because neither are you over-stocking nor under-stocking. Also, the cost is getting reduced along with optimisation of time.The software sector is very new to this concept, but an early understanding will be of expectant benefit in the future. Identify the lacuna and structure an efficient supply chain.

Friday, April 12, 2019

Strategic HRM Plan Essay Example for Free

Strategic HRM Plan EssayStarbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the homo and has become a truly global brand (Starbucks coffee bean Company, 2011, p. 3). The strategic benignant Recourses Man periodment (HRM) be after lead c every(prenominal)place pagan HR issues, emergent HR issues, and a chart showing a basketball team-year protrude. ethnic development, caf culture, and culture of answer ar the three ethnic HR issues that will be covered. pagan training will cover the need for training with diversity for divers(prenominal) markets. Caf culture is about the determine and respect diversity and inclusion of Starbucks. This ara is an issue in other countries while in the united States is doing swell. The issue of culture of service deals with providing service to clients, but also to employees by way means of benefits. The emerging HR issues that will be covered are employee tuition assistance, evening sales events to accommodat e alcohol, and client complaints.Recently Starbucks has provided a unused tuition assistance program this program will be reviewed because of the age of the program it falls under emerging HR issues. The issue with Starbucks going to evening sales to include alcohol requires special licensing and age requirements for employees selling. The final emerging issue is with customer complaints HR should find a way to review and take action against complaints. The chart will provide a description of the values, mission, and trance of the attach to and what they mean for the next five years.The table will also tie into how the emerging issues should be cargo holdd in the five years. Addressing the cultural and emerging issues will help Starbucks advance as a alliance and produce outstanding employees that will exceed the expectations of the company. Standards will help ensure that our values continue to be reflected in each Starbucks store and employment activity. A commitment to law fulness, acting h istly and ethically, and complying with the letter and plan of the law are critical to our continued success (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011, p.3). Strategic HRM PlanCultural IssuesStarbucks continues to take on and expand globally. As the company is doing so, it also sees some cultural human resource (HR) issues arise. These cultural HR issues include cultural training, caf culture, and culture of service. It is natural for a company to see and experience such issues when expanding into different regions. The human resources department will examine how these issues and cultural attachments affect the division and the strategic plans. As Starbucks grows and expands into new regions, the company is learning that to be successful in other culture they must provide cultural training. This cultural training is part of the companys strategic plans. As part of the training and education program there is a cultural training for the store front employees, management, u pper management, HR, and global communities. This training teaches the employees on how to interact with different cultures. It also teaches the employees of appropriate ways to interact with each other so that there is no discrimination. To help top our goals become trueity, we have integrated diversity and inclusion into the upshot of our leadership competencies.The goals of the Diversity and Inclusion team include building a diverse workforce, increasing cultural competencies, shaping a culture of inclusion and developing a diverse network of suppliers (Starbucks, 2014). This consideration affects the company and their strategic plans because it is a continual topic of parley as the company grows, expands, and new laws come into practice. This conversation wherefore needs to into training and development programs for employees, as well as carrying new policy compounds and procedures. Starbucks employee cultural training also leads into their caf cultural training. The Caf culture in the United States is spot on. However, the caf culture in other countries is non doing so well and has led to the downturn in business. I never go into Starbucks its impersonal, the coffee is mediocre, and its expensive, Ms. Bayod, a 35-year-old masseuse, said as a waiter greeted her by discern and quickly brought her usual espresso.For us, its like another planet. Nearly a decade after venturing into Europe, Starbucks is notwithstanding laboring to lure people like her. Despite engineering a strong turnaround in the United States and growing steadily in Asia, where Starbucks is still a novelty, thecompany has struggled here on the simple that gave birth to cafe and coffeehouse culture (Alderman, 2012). Due to this issue Starbucks is now embarking on spending over a million dollars to make-over the European locations to be more up-scale and to win over the European coffee drinkers. The nerve has also adjusted the blends and beverages to suit the European palate. This has forced Starbucks to realign strategically the European market to determine customers wants and needs.Starbucks has continued to realign the culture of its brand image in this region and continues to add new ideas, training, and beverages for the employees in this region. To maintain its high level of customer service Starbucks has started a culture of service initiative for its employees. The organization is committed to providing legendary service to their customers. To do so the company has gone the pathway of the employee-centered approach. The employee-centered approach includes providing health benefits, tuition benefits, and stock options to even their part-time employees. The guiding principle behind this blend in is to motivate their employees. The company feels that by motivating their employees they are creating happy, loyal, motivated employees who in turn will be the driving force to their legendary service.Emerging issuesEmerging issues provide areas for improve ment for Starbucks. Tuition assistance, selling alcohol, and customer complaints are three current emerging issues Starbucks faces. These issues will be discussed based on the issue and how it washbowl be improved. on that point are around 54 percent of all companies who offer some framing of educational reimbursement to their employees (Kurtgleben, 2014). Starbucks announced they would offer partial tuition of about $6,500 for their employees for the offshoot two years of full-time online students at Arizona State University (ASU) Online. Starbucks College Achievement Plan (SCAP) will replace an older plan that was not as generous but was more flexible (Pyke, 2014). The new plan states that any Starbucks employee that works 20 hours a week or more will be able to have their tuition reimbursed beyond what federal financial aid and ASU covers for juniors and seniors (Pyke, 2014). Some critics of the SCAP say that it may not be a real improvement for the 20,000 workers that the sc hool plans to enroll. The old trunk required that the students take courses that were beneficial towards their jobs at Starbucks.The new clay lets theemployees take any of the degrees, of which there are 40, and it does not have to relate to their jobs at Starbucks. The old system only paid $500-$1,000 per calendar year and that depended on the employees tenure. The employees could enroll in any accredited college, not just ACU under the old system. The employees could also attend in-person classes which some critics say are in-chief(postnominal) for low-income workers to succeed in their education, (Pyke, 2014). According to Pyke, Starbucks plan compares unfavorably with other tuition assistance plans American companies offer. Sara Goldrich-Rab, professor of educational policy studies and sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, found Starbucks new system incredibly problematic because they restriction its tuition assistance to one university online (Pyke, 2014).The em erging issues for Human Resource on this tuition system would be, is it practised that Starbucks only lets the employees enroll in only online degrees with only ACU? Will the new system work well with the low-income employees only being able to take the online degrees instead of in-person classes? Starbucks should go through with their plans of having other universities forthcoming for their employees to enroll in and offer in-person classes as well as online classes. Starbucks has expanded its sells to Starbucks evening. Starbucks has been testing the sale of alcohol in their stores after four PM, with a menu that includes light snacks. The benefits to Starbucks are an increase in sales when coffee sales are slow, (Dooley, 2014). However, with these sales come the issues of licensing requirements that are different in every state, possible customer resistance because it is not a family-friendly ingathering, new staff training requirements, and the last, product contagion.There a re some people that think that products can transfer their characteristics to each other if they are pose side by side, (Dooley, 2014). So in their way of thinking if Starbucks sells alcohol and it sits next to a non-alcohol product it will be tainted with alcohol. To help keep the contagion issue down Starbucks can set forth the alcohol from the non-alcohol products and put the alcohol products into their own coolers, in different parts of the room. There is a foliate on the Consumer Affairs website where people can go to complain about companies and so forth. There are numerous complaints about Starbucks employees. According to Consumer Affairs Starbucks does not monitor their website so that the issues can be resolved. Human Resources should monitorthese complaints and try to resolve them in some way. In the future if nothing is done someone will bring suit and it might be costly for Starbucks. Human Resource Management should make sure that these employees treat customers th e way they should be treated by retraining and if the bad treatment continues disciplinary actions should be taken.Five year plan chartStarbucks has become well-known ever since the companys establishment in 1971. Because of Starbucks many years of success, the company has now grown throughout the world. For the next five years, Starbucks will develop a strategic plan from the completion of the HRM analysis. Reward programs, training, and job design are the HRM involvements that will assist Starbucks to overcome the issues found from the analysis in order to meet the strategic objectives. The first year of the strategic plan will include the placement of processes along with forming two committals. One committee will take care of the three cultural HR issues the other committee will handle the three emerging HR issues.Years two through five will include uninterrupted monitoring and fact finding through internal and outside(a) surveying. Each committee will obtain these surveys to where adjustment can be made in a timely matter. The recommendation will be that each committee will meet weekly in the first year of the plan, which could later change to monthly and then quarterly. During this time, any modifications within the process will take place based on the information gathering. The chart below offers the five-year strategic plan, which the company believes needs to be taken in consideration in order to obtain internal and external growth, employee fulfillment, and in meeting up to customer expectations.Starbucks Coffee 2014 2019 Strategic PlanValuesStarbucks reputation for the finest coffee in the world, legendary customer service and the highest integrity is the direct result of our collective efforts (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011, p. 3). MissionTo inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011, p. 3). Vision stick in being the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011, p. 4). Cultural/EmergingIssues inhering/ExternalAnalysisReview FindingsStrategicFormulationStrategy ImplementationReview and AdjustCultural TrainingCaf CultureCulture of ServiceEducationReimbursementSale of AlcoholEmployee ComplainsTwo separate committees will divide into teams.A SWOT analysis will be conducted based on customers, competitors, and industry analysis.The external analysis will examine Starbucks opportunities and threats.The internal will look at the strengths and weaknesses.The two committees, department heads, and stakeholders are involved within a group.Reviewing cultural and emerging issues.Reviewing and adjusting the internal and external findings from the SWOT analysis to then create a strategic formulation. The two teams will define strategies from the findings from the SWOT.Starbucks can create a plan for all issues at all levels within the company creating an outline of what should be done.A description of the move or process es per issue will provide in accomplishing each objective.Over-all communication and monitoring are pregnant in achieving goals.A timeline will offer when the action plan is to be accomplished.Necessary changes will be made swiftly for the company, employees, and customers.The team will ensure that continuous monitoring within the agreed strategic objectives and aim to start on a monthly basis.Ensuring consistency with Starbucks values, mission, and vision.ReferencesAlderman, Liz, 2012, In Europe Starbucks Adjusts Caf Culture, Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/2012/03/31/business/starbucks-tailors-its-experience-to-fit-to-european-tastes.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 Consumer Affairs. Retrieved from www.consumeraffairs.com/food/starbucks.html Dooley, Roger, 2014. Will Starbucks Alcohol Infect Other Products. Retrieved from www.forbes.com/sites/rogerdooley/2014/04/09/starbucks-alcohol/ http//www.cerdian.com/resources/blogs/human-resources-legislation-blog/starbucks-cap-reinventing-educ ation-assistance.html Pyke, Alan, 2014. Thinkprogress. Critics warn Starbucks Employees To Read Fine affect of New

Thursday, April 11, 2019

PASS Lifestyle, Leisure and Recreation Essay Example for Free

PASS Lifestyle, Leisure and Re mankind EssayIntroduction The diversion and waste activities present in our introduction today atomic number 18 differ from what generations one C long time ago participated in. Our personal environment is changing continuously under the effect of natural, cultural and economic systems which influence spates lifestyles. As lifestyles change, peoples way of spending their unoccupied time, and leisure activity preferences, also change. Urban undefended public spaces such as parks seem to lose their commonity as shopping malls have a bun in the oven have the new leisure centres due to the increasing need to consume of todays societies. Our age has the handiness of information and convenience of abundant tran recreation to take us the venues that we screw enjoy ourselves, or superfluous ourselves from the issues of our daily life. Information of available activities that we k at present today, mainly come from sources such as the inter net and the telly or media. Media has shaped the numerous lifestyles of today, via their advertising of activities and appliances. By shifting our lifestyle, some of our interests in frolic and leisure have changed over the ages. Activities that existed 100 years ago but not today Stickball.Stickball was a street game that is immensely related to baseball which adapts to the environment it was played in. The activity only requisite a rubber ball and a stick of any form. This activity has gradually died out, as people started to earn much money to afford playing other sports that involved swinging at a ball. The media also helped advertise Americas Major League Baseball, which put peoples interest into a more popular activity. around people believe that this activity did not actually die out as it was the origin of all bat-and-ball sports that exist today.Playing Cards and Dominoes Since people living in the primordial 1900s, mainly middle-aged men, gathered together at bars a fter their days work, they took regard to group activities. Their main activities were card games which involved betting small amounts of money or a nut of beer. In their houses, Dominoes was a reciprocal family game which appealed to all age groups. In todays lifestyle, not all people have the luxury of time to participate in these activities or have lost interest due to the introduction of personal technological devices.These devices include the popularised iPod and computers, in which people can surf the internet to find out many leisure and recreational activities which suit their lifestyle. Activities that exist now but not 100 years ago Shopping The availability of shopping centres has increased cursorily in the past 10 years, as the worlds economy grew, and the average earning of families increased. The shopping for recreation and leisure of today mainly refers to excessive buying of wanted materials for interest of the buyer. This modern activity is common among females, usually in groups.It fits into the lifestyles of women who do not work on weekends, and consumes much of the day, thus the inclusion of viands courts in shopping centres. 100 years ago, shopping was not popularised as income of an average household was lower, and many women had to stay home to attend to the housework. The availability of shopping centres and transport to shopping centre venues was limited during that time. virtually of the time, shopping was a chore rather than a leisure activity because it involved buying ask for the family, such as food and learning materials.Extreme Sports With increased knowledge and equipment to ensure safety, extreme sports are quite popular in modern society. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion, and they can help isolate thoughts of current issues, help set new goals, and improve physical fitness. Some extreme sports which are available near suburban areas are mountain bike riding, indoor or outd oor rock-climbing, body boarding and canoeing. In the 1900s, people were not aware of these activities due to the inconvenience of less(prenominal) media sources.Among teenagers and young adults, free running is particularly popular in city areas which have a admixture of artificial environments. This activity did not exist 100 years ago because it originated from later popular movements exchangeable graffiti and internet groups. Dining Out The modern society values the bonding of couples more than the world 100 years ago. A common activity amongst couples is dining out, to create an atmosphere of romanticism. By law-abiding the growing population, the variety of employed jobs is also growing.The food industry is one of the largest in the world, and has led to the creation of restaurants of different cuisines. Since the countries of the world are becoming more multicultural, people want to break away from eat their traditional foods. Dining out rears a solution to changing tast es, and may sometimes aid in saving time as cooking at home may take several hours when attempting to provide fine food. Activities which existed 100 years ago and still exist now Soccer 100 years ago, association football teams received growing groups of supporting members and fans that popularise the sport.The soccer associations of today have provided many opportunities for sport betting, employment and sponsorship to advertise brands or companies. In many schools of the 1900s and today, grassed areas were easily converted to soccer fields so that students could play this sport during or after school time. Older age groups can join soccer clinics and clubs where they can play for enjoyment at learning levels to competitive levels. Watching soccer matches is also considered a recreational and leisure activity among fan groups which follow the current soccer.Film Going out to abide by movies was a leisure and recreational activity that was present 100 years ago and now. This acti vity is popular as many films relate to the current world affairs. This activity would not have survived if not for the extremely low pricing of cinema tickets in the 1900s. The price of tickets has inflated in our era, but this is acceptable as our average income has increased. Conclusion From the research I have accumulated in recreational and leisure activities of 100 years ago and today, I have found out that a major factor of the changing pursuits has been the shifting of daily lifestyles.The trends originating from media has shaped the many lifestyles of our world today, which has in turn changed our interests. Another factor of our leisure and recreational pursuits is the availability of information and transport we have today that lets us do what we want. However, the popularity of early activities has declined as our society has further developed these activities, while the appeal of the activities has been surpassed by our modern trends and movements.

Tuesday, April 9, 2019

Negotiating International Market Essay Example for Free

Negotiating International market place EssayNegotiating with transnational customers, partners, and regulator NEGOTIATIONS ARE FORMAL DISCUSSIONS B/W PEOPLE WHO HAVE polar AIMS OR INTENTIONS , ESPECIALLLY IN BUSINESS ,DURING WHICH THEY TRY TO REACH AN AGREEMENT. Negotiating with international customers , partners and regulators often requires a lot of meticulous preparations and skill. Successful dialogue demands threadbare analysis and evaluation of the commercial and their impressive display and proper concord and appreciation of the cultural nuances of the negotiating party and skilfully navigating the negotiation process accordingly. In order to successfully act with international customers atomic number 53 needs impressive presentation skills, proper understanding of cultural nuances of the party with whom one plans to negotiate. Negotiations in the international scenario are governed by 4Cs they are common interests, conflicting interests, compromise and criteria. Government government can be estimateed in two distinguishable view-points namely hierarchial view and bargaining view.Negotiation is a process in which at least one individual tries to persuade another individual to kind his or her ideas or behavior. Business negotiations often involve one party attempting to influence another to call a particular decision of sign a contract. Thus negotiating is a process in which at-least parties with different view points and needs try to reach an agreement on matters of mutual interest. There are 4Cs of negotiation1. Common interests2. Conflicting interests3. Compromise4. Criteria for agreement to holdThe outcome of any negotiated agreement depends on the coition bargaining power of both parties.Negotiating GloballyNegotiating effectively across cultures is one of the most important ball-shaped business skills. Global negotiations contain all the complexity of domestic negotiations, with the added dimension of cultural diversity. Top mana gers discharge more than 50% of their time in formal or informal negotiations. Two tables below foreground the differences in negotiating styles across cultures.When to negotiate?According to experts, negotiating is not always the best approach to do business. sometimes the best strategy is take it or leave it, other times its bargaining. Negotiating demands more time and resources. accordingly managers must negotiate only when the value of the exchange is important. Negotiating is often seen as strategy to create a win-win solutions in business. Consider the following conditions while negotiating1. Your power position w.r.t that of the counterpart2. The level of trust3. satisfactory time available4. True commitment to carryout the agreement.5. The value of exchange6. Importance to relationshipThe success of negotiations depends on1. Individual characteristics2. Situational contingencies3. Strategic tactical processes.Stages of negotiation1. Preparation2. Relationship building3 . information exchange4. idea5. AgreementPrerequisites for effective negotiation1. Selection of appropriate negotiation team.2. focussing of preliminaries,including training,preparations,and manipulation of negotiation setting.3. Management of the process ofnegotiations , that is , what happens at the negotiation table.4. Appropriate follow-up procedures and practices.Cultural problems in international negotiations1. Language and non-verbal behaviors2. determine3. Thinking and decision making processes.Negotiating with regulators in many instances government is a party in international business negotiations. there are two view points of the governmental authorith 1. Hierarchical view2. Bargaining viewDeteminants of bargaining power1. Relative importance of the project.2. Alternatives3. Urgency4. StrengthsSUMMARY. negotiation with international customers,partners and regulators requires impressive presentation and proper understanding and appreciation of the cultural nuances of t he negotiating party. . common interests, conflicting interests,compromise and criteria are the 4 Cs of the negotiation. . there are two views of government authority hierarchical and bargaining view

Monday, April 8, 2019

Rational Choice Theory Essay Example for Free

noetic pick system EssayMan is a clear-sighted animal who everlastingly loses his temper when he is c every(prenominal)ed upon to act in accordance with the dictates of reason. As seen from Oscar Wildes famous quote, demythologisedity is unmatchable of the most crucial and controversial conquers in studying human behavior. To study and examine this shrewdity, numerous scholars gain tried to establish their own theories and generalize their explanation with empirical evidences from real world, which in conclusion produces so c everyed, the possibility of quick of scent election. Rational Choice Theory is an come to understand human behavior.The surface has long been the predominant paradigm in economics, however in recent several(prenominal) decades it has become more widely employ in new(prenominal) fileds such as Sociology, Political Science, and Anthropology. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of quick-scented pickaxe possibility an d briefly discuss its basic assumptions, critiques, policy-making implication, and p reachence explanations of whateverwhatbody picking mechanism. commencement exercise of all, historical reachs of sensible picking guess and its transition from the field of Economics to that of Political Science allow be elaborated.Next, various definitions and meanings of the wise woof will be discussed. The basic assumptions of the cerebral choice approach with political implication will be followed. Several issues raised by rational choice surmisal will be followed after this discussion. This paper will suggest some of the main criticisms that render been levied against the rational choice approach. Limited empirical severity of rational choice supposition and methodological soulfulnessism, which reveals innate snarled record of the possibility, will be discussed.Finally, alternative explanations of various(prenominal) choice mechanism will sum up this discussion. Before el aborating its theoretical discussion, it is necessary to discuss historical backgrounds of rational choice theory. In the article, A family tree of Rational Choice Rationalism, Elitism, and Democracy, Maloy introduces Skinners analysis of behaviorism as fundamental background for the discussion of rational choice theory. He argues that, Skinners analysis deserves the attention of the recent debates near rational choice ecause it calls attention to the ineluctable ideological features of methodological debate (Maloy 751).According to Maloy, Skinner could finish up the sorts of normative force which attach to empirical theories in fond sciences by a close textual analysis of some leading contri thations to the behaviorist debate, which crowning(prenominal)ly enables the discussion of rational choice to be fur in that respectd applied into different fields of study (Maloy 751). Milton Freidman is another crucial figure that provides profound theoretical sottish for discussing ra tional choice theory.In The Methodology of Positive Economics, Friedman argues that passel and firms make decisions that ignore maximize their profit under perfect information. He defended rational choice precedent by arguing that, a theory should be judged by its predictive accuracy, not the realism of its assumptions (Friedman 10). His argument provides theoretical foundations of rational choice theory in Economics, even though it is often criticized by later scholars because of its weak empirical validity and ceteris paribus nature.While rational choice theory has been dominant paradigm in Economics, it has become adapted and adjust in a number of ways to fit different fields of study such as Political Science Maloy explains that the distinctiveness of the rational choice approach among political scientists consists, in general terms, in the use of economic exemplifications to explain and predict political behavior (Maloy 753). Maloy designates out triplet prominent figur es, arrow, Downs, and Olson as rational choice founders especially in the field of political science.According to Maloy, Arrows lam focuses on so called, bodied rationality whose underlying purpose is to measure collective choices using standards unremarkably applied to individual choices (Maloy 753). Down uses Arrows collective rationality as the starting point of his study and aims to articulate a behavior rule for democratic governments so that they could be included in economic theories of general equilibrium, alongside non-state agents like private firms and consumers (Maloy 754).Finally, Olsons analysis has taken the key elements of Arrows and Downs constructs and applied them to a narrower field He argues that as long as the service provided by a voluntary association is a public good on which an individual can ride-free, there is no incentive actually to take on the costs associated with joining, membership and participation, unless the fringy contribution of that indiv idual appreciably advances the organizational cause (Maloy 754).All three choice founders works ca-ca enabled rational choice theory to be in the central place of political discussion in the creative and cross-disciplinary ways (Maloy 755). By arguing that ballot results have no specific complaisant meaning, voting has no individual efficacy, and participation in interest group activity has no special individual efficacy, these rational choice founders could criticize unrealistic and irrational assumptions and norms of traditional democratic system and bring rational choice model to the place of political discussion from the field of Economics (Maloy 755).Rational Choice Theory generally starts with consideration of the choice behavior of individual decision-making units, which in economics atomic number 18 often consumers and firms. The theory suggests that the individual decision-making unit is certain too larger group such as buyers or sellers in a particular market. Once in dividual behavior is set up, the analysis generally moves on to examine how individual choices interact to produce outcomes. Then, what does it mean by arguing that a choice is rational?In rational choice theory it means that an agents choices reflect the most preferred likely alternative among given opportunities. In other words, choices must reflect advantage maximization. Elinor Ostrom specifys rational choice theory as a guide to understand humans as self-interested, short-term maximizers in his work, A Behavioral commence to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action (Ostrom 2). In the article, The Political Psychology of Rational Choice Theory, William H.Riker also suggests that the rational choice model begins with the assumption that actors know what they want and can lay out their wants transitively (Riker 25). Transitively here means that an agent of rational choice model can do so called, a transitive ordering To know what one wants requires one to choose the be st from among several goals and, failing to attain it, to choose the second best, etc (Riker 24). This formulation of ordering enables an agent to pursue the best option with given constraints that limit choices he or she can have.In their work, Rational Choice Theory, Coleman and Fararo define rational choice sociologically as they use the term, models of purposive action, rather than rational choice These models rest on the assumption that actors atomic number 18 purposive which means they act in ways that race to produce beneficial results (Coleman and Fararo 21). These several definitions point out that choices pursuing utility maximization and outcomes made by these choices argon key elements in rational choice theory.Then how is different when rational choice theory is applied into the field of Political Science instead of other fields of study such as Economics and Sociology? According to Riker, Economists main concern for rational choice is the process and outcomes produc ed by voluntary exchange, where of course, all participants benefit. On the other hand, Politics mainly concerns processes and outcomes produced by group decisions which are practically binding on those who cannot resign from the group. Thus, there can be losers and winners in politics according to Rikers argument (Riker 24).Although Rational choice theory has long been the dominant paradigm in Economics and other fields of study, it has been subject to vigorous criticism. In Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory, Don potassium and Ian Shapiro raises several empirical hassles that rational choice theory possess they conclude that a number of methodological deficiencies plague empirical applications of rational choice models. They argue that, fundamental and recurrent methodological failings rooted in the universalist aspirations that motivate so much rational choice theorizing (Freidman 59).According to putting green and Shapiro, these mistakes stem from a method-driven rather th an a problem-driven approach to research, in which practitioners are more eager to vindicate one or another universalist model than to understand and explain actual political outcomes (Friedman 59). Green and Shapiros argument can be summarized into three propositions there is a list of methodological characteristics that are undesirable in an empirical science and are thus to be avoided. Empirical applications of rational choice theory are more likely to charge up these mistakes than other types of empirical analysis in political science.These pathologies are not due to and historical coincidence, but are rooted in fundamental characteristics of rational choice theory, especially its universalist aspirations and the lack of specificity in the rational actor assumption (Freidman 60). These propositions suggest that rational choice theory has its empirical limit for examen and predicting actual political outcomes. In detail, Green and Shapiro point out several problems of rational choice theory that possibly undermines the empirical validity of the theory itself.Post hoc theory development known to statisticians as twine fitting is one of these problems that rational choice theory contains. Green and Shapiro contend that rather than formulating bold predictions that are falsifiable by empirical evidence, rational choice theorist tend first to look at the empirical evidence, then design a rational choice model that fits it (Friedman 5). Another problem raised by Green and Shapiro is rational choice theorists engagement in arbitrary domain restriction (Friedman 5). As discussed earlier, certain restrictions or constraints enable a transitive ordering in rational choice theory.Green and Shapiro argue that these constraints and restrictions are defined in ambiguous ways in rational choice model, which ultimately makes the empirical validity of the theory weakened. Green and Shapiros examination of the phenomenon of voting behavior is another major example that shows these problems rational choice theory innately possesses. In a real-world election with a large electorate, it is instrumentally irrational for anyone to case a ballot, since no single vote has more than an infinitesimal chance of decision making the outcome.Whether one favors selfish or selfless ends, virtually any activity in pursuit of those ends would be more effective than the time spent on voting and on educating oneself about candidates and issues. Yet hundreds of millions of people do vote. For rational choice theory, this would appear to be a gigantic anomaly (Friedman 6) As illustrious earlier, rational choice theory presumes that an agent of the model seeks best possible outcomes to maximize his or her utility in given constraints.However, according to Green and Shapiro, in a real-world voting behavior does not corroborate this assumption of rational choice theory where voters cast a ballot without having enough time to treasure or predict its possible outcome and realizing whether his or her action of voting maximize benefit or not. Another issue raised by Green and Shapiro is free riding problem While voters can easily pursue a free riding action on the efforts of others to help the cause succeed, there is no need for people to devote resources of time and money to cause desired results.In other words, rational choice theory would seem to be refuted not only by people who vote, but by those who contribute small amounts of money to political campaigns, attend rallies, and engage in other forms of collective action designed to secure goals whose achievement is independent of the efforts of any single participant (Friedman 7). As seen from Green and Shapiros founding, most criticisms of rational choice theory seem to be that the assumptions of the theory are not literally and completely true.No model can pass such a test, as all theories abstract from reality in certain way. Determining the empirical validity of a model would then seem to involve an examination of both feasibility of assumptions and conformity with real-world data. The most basic assumption of rational choice theory is that the primary unit of analysis is the individual decision-maker. Those who believe that groups are fundamental have criticized this assumption. This issue of so called, methodological individualism are dealt in many contexts in the social sciences.In the book, Rational Choice Theory Advocacy and Critique, Coleman and Fararo argues that models of purposive action or rational choice model can be useful in explaining and predicting human behavior. They further their argument by motto that because the determines and beliefs of individuals are shaped primarily by the socializing settles of society, especially as mediated with social relationships with significant other, an understanding of the culture and structure of societies and of the positions of individuals within them is necessary (Coleman and Fararo 22).According to Coleman and Fararo, major problem for applying rational choice model particularly into Economics and Political Science, in which the primary interest has been in aggregate level outcomes, is that the postulate of purposive action has been linked to arbitrary and narrow assumptions about what individuals value and believe (Coleman Fararo 33).Also the assumption that human behavior is narrowly self-interested and the use of the term rationality to refer to the efficient pursuit of economic benefits has often produced incorrect assumption that rational choice model are innately egoistic that they regard individuals as calculating the expected benefit to themselves of alternative lines of action and performing accordingly (Coleman and Fararo 34).Recent empirical evidences suggest that human beings are capable of acting in ways for the interests of others or the social group above their self-interest, which implies that the assumption of individuals pursuit of self-interest does not match with r eality. Coleman and Fararo further their discussion of this methodological individualism by arguing that a social norm can be one primary example, which refutes the basic assumption of rational choice model.According to Coleman and Fararo, When a social norm is know to have been violated, some type of formal or informal mug will result (Coleman Fararo 35). Formal sanction like a legal code or a set of rules and informal sanction like a disapproval or social ostracism would regard individuals choice making process. Therefore, unlike the basic assumption of rational choice model suggests that human behavior is oriented from self-interest, by the effect of social norms and values, individuals can consequently act in altruistic or selfless way for pursuing the interests of groups they are involved in.Because of its limit and problematic nature of rational choice theory, the need for alternative explanation has become necessary for many scholars who criticize the theory. Dennis Chong p rovides some insights for the possible alternative of rational choice theory in his article, Rational Choice Theorys Mysterious Rivals. According to Chong, even though Green and Shapiros critique against rational choice theory has failed to provide complete form of alternative explanation, there are some theoretical debates and discussions that suggest possible theoretical replacement or revision.Chong argues that, Green and Shapiro occasionally allude to the influence of social-psychological and moral factors such as group loyalties, emotions, political identities, ideology, obligation, and altruism (Friedman 47). As found in Coleman and Fararos arguments that institutional or social factors can affect individuals choice making process, many scholars further their discussion of this social motivation as the alternative of rational choice theory.In his article, When Rationality Fails, Michael Taylor argues that social identification and indispensable motivation can explain some of significant social phenomenon and collective action that has been ignored by rational choice theory If a person defines herself as a member of a group, or if her membership in a group is made cognitively salient, then she is more likely to name the groups norms and cooperate with group members in social dilemmas (Friedman 230).For intrinsic motivation, Taylor explains that there are some activities that are intrinsically motivating people to be participated such as interesting work, volunteering, and political activities. In this case the activity itself or enjoyment of that activity is the reward for people. When extrinsic rewards like money are introduced, intrinsic motivation would diminish (Friedman 231). By suggesting the concept of social identification and intrinsic motivation, problems of rational choice model for explaining some collective action can be resolved.In this paper, a sense of how rational choice theory works and of its methodological foundations has been introd uced. It has also been noticed that rational choice theory is not an ultimate answer. The theory is subject to a number of criticisms, but there is no doubt that its influence in various fields of study have brought tremendous amounts of theoretical debates, and increased the depth of economic, sociological, and political discussions.It is impossible to attain complete knowledge about anything, especially social phenomena. However, it is certain that rational choice approach is one of most crucial theoretical resources for human beings to explore and examine to gain this ultimate answer. It can be useful or misleading, depending on how it is treated. It is responsibility of remaining and future scholars and people to right on apply and use this theory with open-minded attitude.